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2025-09-04 Final Record of Decision - No Further Action for Pt. Vicente Soil Contamination, J09CA055804_05.09_0001_a FINAL RECORD OF DECISION POINT VICENTE MIL RES FC SITES PROJECT 04 - PT. VICENTE SOIL CONTAMINATION Rancho Palos Verdes, California FUDS Project Number J09CA055804 Prepared for 915 Wilshire Blvd Los Angeles, CA 90017 6HSWHPEHU 2025 Contract No. W912PL17D0024 Delivery Order W912PL22F0033 1200C PERM J09CA055804_05.09_0001_a Record of Decision Point Vicente MIL RES FC Sites/Pt. Vicente Soil Contamination Rancho Palos Verdes, California FUDS Project Number J09CA055804 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS........................................................................................ ii PART 1: DECLARATION .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Project Name and Location ..................................................................................................1 1.2 Statement of Basis and Purpose ...........................................................................................1 1.3 Description of Decision ........................................................................................................ 1 1.4 Statutory Determinations ......................................................................................................2 1.5 Authorizing Signatures ......................................................................................................... 2 PART 2: DECISION SUMMARY ..................................................................................................5 2.1 Project Name, Location, and Brief Description ...................................................................5 2.2 Project History...................................................................................................................... 5 2.3 Community Participation .....................................................................................................6 2.4 Scope and Role of Response Action ....................................................................................6 2.5 Project Characteristics .......................................................................................................... 8 2.5.1 Conceptual Site Model Summary ..................................................................................8 2.5.2 Site Features .................................................................................................................11 2.5.3 2024 Remedial Investigation ........................................................................................11 2.6 Current and Potential Future Land Use ..............................................................................14 2.7 Summary of Site Risks .......................................................................................................14 2.7.1 Human Health Risks ....................................................................................................14 2.7.2 Ecological Risks ...........................................................................................................16 2.8 Documentation of Significant Changes from the Proposed Plan .......................................18 PART 3: RESPONSIVENESS SUMMARY .................................................................................19 3.1 Stakeholder Issues and Lead Agency Responses ...............................................................19 3.2 Technical and Legal Issues ................................................................................................19 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 20 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Conceptual Site Model Summary ......................................................................................9 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Site Location Map............................................................................................................. 3 Figure 2. Site Map ............................................................................................................................ 4 Final August 2025 Rev. 0 i of ii Record of Decision Point Vicente MIL RES FC Sites/Pt. Vicente Soil Contamination Rancho Palos Verdes, California FUDS Project Number J09CA055804 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS amsl Above Mean Sea Level AOC Area of Concern BERA Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment bcy Bank Cubic Yards bgs below ground surface CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act CSM Conceptual Site Model DoD Department of Defense DTSC Department of Toxic Substances Control EPC Exposure Point Concentration ESA Environmental Site Assessment ESV Ecological Screening Value FUDS Formerly Used Defense Site FUDSMIS Formerly Used Defense Site Management Information System GIS Geographic Information System HHRA Human Health Risk Assessment HQ Hazard Quotient IPaC Information, Planning, and Conservation KD Known Distance LeadSpread 9 Lead Risk Assessment Spreadsheet, version 9 μg/dl Micrograms per deciliter mg/kg Milligrams per kilogram NCP National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan NOAEL No-Effect-Adverse-Effect Level OEHHA Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment PP Proposed Plan RI Remedial Investigation ROD Record of Decision SARA Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act UCL95 95 Percent Upper Confidence Limit USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers U.S.C. U.S. Code USEPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Final August 2025 Rev. 0 ii of ii Record of Decision Point Vicente MIL RES FC Sites/Pt. Vicente Soil Contamination Rancho Palos Verdes, California FUDS Project Number J09CA055804 PART 1: DECLARATION 1.1 Project Name and Location1 Property Name: Point Vicente MIL RES FC Sites Project Name: Pt. Vicente Soil Contamination Formerly Used Defense Site (FUDS) Project Number: J09CA055804 The FUDS Property known as the Point Vicente MIL RES FC Sites includes Project 04 Pt. Vicente Soil Contamination (Site), The Site is a 26.4-acre parcel located within the former Point Vicente Military Reservation and on the property of the current Point Vicente Interpretive Center. The Site is in Rancho Palos Verdes, Los Angeles County, California (Figure 1). The Site is on property owned by the City of Rancho Palos Verdes. It is bordered on the south by the Point Vicente Lighthouse and Coast Guard Reservation, on the west by sea cliffs and the Pacific Ocean, on the north by a storm drain adjacent to a privately owned residential area, and on the east by Palos Verdes Drive West (Figure 2). A Coast Guard communications site, Rancho Palos Verdes City Hall, and a shopping complex are located east of Palos Verdes Drive West. 1.2 Statement of Basis and Purpose The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) states in this Record of Decision (ROD) that a No Further Action decision is appropriate for the Site. USACE’s decision was developed in accordance with provisions of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), 42 U.S. Code (U.S.C.) § 9601 et seq., as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA), and the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP), 40 Code of Federal Regulations Part 300. The No Further Action decision is based on an evaluation of Site-related material and documents contained in the Administrative Record, which are available for public review at the City of Rancho Palos Verdes City Clerk’s Office, 30940 Hawthorne Blvd., Rancho Palos Verdes, California; and USACE Los Angeles District, 915 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, California. The No Further Action decision is supported by the results of previous investigations, regulatory correspondence, and the results of the 2024 remedial investigation (RI) conducted for the Site, which are documented in the Final Remedial Investigation Report (USACE, 2024a). The Final RI Report was submitted to the California Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) on 22 March 2024. DTSC concurred with the conclusions presented in the Final RI Report in a letter dated 03 April 2024. 1.3 Description of Decision USACE has determined that a No Further Action decision is appropriate for the Site under CERCLA. No remedial action is necessary to ensure protection of human health and the environment. Conditions at the Site are protective of human health and the environment. 1 The FUDS property name and project name are presented as is, consistent with the official name in the Formerly Used Defense Site Management Information System (FUDSMIS). Final August 2025 Rev. 0 1 of 20 Record of Decision Point Vicente MIL RES FC Sites/Pt. Vicente Soil Contamination Rancho Palos Verdes, California FUDS Project Number J09CA055804 1.4 Statutory Determinations USACE has determined that no remedial action is necessary at the Site. A Removal Action conducted in 2002 eliminated the need to conduct additional remedial action. Five-Year Reviews are not required. 1.5 Authorizing Signatures This ROD presents the decision for the Site. The Department of Defense (DoD) is the lead agency under the Defense Environmental Restoration Program at the Site and USACE has developed this ROD for DoD consistent with CERCLA, as amended, and the NCP. This ROD will be incorporated into the larger Administrative Record file for the Site, which is available for public review at the following Information Repository locations: City of Rancho Palos Verdes City Clerk’s Office 30940 Hawthorne Blvd. Rancho Palos Verdes, CA 90275 310-544-5217 www.rpvca.gov USACE Los Angeles District 915 Wilshire Boulevard Los Angeles, California 90017 (213) 452-3333 https://www.spl.usace.army.mil/Missions/Formerly-Used-Defense-Sites/Point-Vicente-Interpretive- Center/ This document, presenting a decision with a total CTC estimate recorded in the Formerly Used Defense Site Management Information System (FUDSMIS) of less than $5 million is approved by the undersigned, and pursuant to the delegated authority in the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations, Energy, and Environment) memorandum dated [22 May 2025] subject: Assignment of Mission Execution Functions Associated with DoD Lead Agent Responsibilities for the Formerly Used Defense Sites Program, and subsequent re-delegations. APPROVED: ELLER.TAMBOUR.L Digitally signed by ELLER.TAMBOUR.LAYNE.1230340133 9/4/25AYNE.1230340133 Date: 2025.09.04 15:38:43 -07'00' Tambour L. Eller, SES, PMP Date Signed Programs 'LUHFWRU South Pacific Division Final August 2025 Rev. 0 2 of 20 Record of Decision Point Vicente MIL RES FC Sites/Pt. Vicente Soil Contamination Rancho Palos Verdes, California FUDS Project Number J09CA055804 Figure 1. Site Location Map Final August 2025 Rev. 0 3of20 Record of Decision Point Vicente MIL RES FC Sites/Pt. Vicente Soil Contamination Rancho Palos Verdes, California FUDS Project Number J09CA055804 Figure 2. Site Map Final August 2025 Rev. 0 4 of 20 Record of Decision Point Vicente MIL RES FC Sites/Pt. Vicente Soil Contamination Rancho Palos Verdes, California FUDS Project Number J09CA055804 PART 2: DECISION SUMMARY The Decision Summary identifies the No Further Action decision, explains why a remedy is not necessary to ensure protection of human health and the environment, and provides a substantive summary of the Administrative Record file that supports the decision. 2.1 Project Name, Location, and Brief Description The FUDS property name is Point Vicente MIL RES FC Sites, and the FUDS project name is Pt. Vicente Soil Contamination. The FUDS Project Number is J09CA055804. USACE is the lead agency, and the DTSC is the support agency. The City of Rancho Palos Verdes is a stakeholder. The Site is in Rancho Palos Verdes, Los Angeles County, California (Figure 1). It is a 26.4-acre parcel located within the former Point Vicente Military Reservation and on the property of the current Point Vicente Interpretive Center. The Point Vicente Interpretive Center consists of a developed area that includes a museum/exhibit building, landscaping, trails, parking lots, utilities, public roads, and undeveloped park land. Docents give tours of the facility and Site workers maintain the facility and grounds. Adult and child recreational visitors use the facility for whale and bird watching, hiking, walking, biking, and school trips, and as a museum and community center. Ecological receptors (plants and animals) use habitat in the park area, with more limited use within the developed area. 2.2 Project History According to historical evidence, the U.S. Army established a Known Distance (KD) Rifle Range on the lower portion of the military reservation during the 1950s. The Army used the range for small arms training. Shooters fired toward the ocean at paper targets mounted on wooden frames raised above the bullet stop and at pistol targets in front of an earthen backstop berm (the bullet stop). After deactivation of the range in 1974, the U.S. Army leased the Site to the County of Los Angeles and quitclaimed the property in 1978 before expiration of the 5-year lease. The County of Los Angeles made no improvements to the Site, and in 1979 leased the property to Rancho Palos Verdes for a term of 50 years. Rancho Palos Verdes developed the Site as a park and constructed the Point Vicente Interpretive Center in 1983. In 2003, the County executed a quitclaim deed conveying the property to Rancho Palos Verdes. During construction of the park and the Point Vicente Interpretive Center in 1983, the earthen backstop berm for the KD Rifle Range was demolished and soil from the backstop berm was used for grading. The main exhibit building was built at the location of the backstop berm, adjacent to the sea cliffs. In September 1999, lead-contaminated soil was discovered by the County of Los Angeles during the construction to expand the Point Vicente Interpretive Center exhibit building. The County temporarily closed the Point Vicente Interpretive Center in August 1999 to accommodate additional field investigation activities and a subsequent soil Removal Action, which was conducted in 2002 by USACE. The County conducted a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) in 1999 and Phase II ESAs in 2000 and 2001. In 2002, an RI and a feasibility study were completed that incorporated findings from the prior ESAs. The 2002 RI concluded that Final August 2025 Rev. 0 5 of 20 Record of Decision Point Vicente MIL RES FC Sites/Pt. Vicente Soil Contamination Rancho Palos Verdes, California FUDS Project Number J09CA055804 soil was impacted by lead, the only contaminant of concern. Lead-contaminated soil was limited to a clay-rich zone encountered at shallow depths in an area immediately adjacent to the Point Vicente Interpretive Center Exhibit Building, which was the location of the former KD Rifle Range earthen backstop. Lead contamination was not distributed evenly throughout this area and several areas were reported to contain lead in soil at concentrations exceeding 250 milligrams/kilogram (mg/kg). In 2002, USACE conducted a Removal Action. Following the Removal Action, the Point Vicente Interpretive Center was then expanded and reopened to the public in 2006. 2.3 Community Participation In accordance with CERCLA, the NCP, and DoD and U.S. Army regulations, USACE Los Angeles District has kept the local community involved throughout the 2024 RI, Proposed Plan (PP), and ROD processes by hosting a public meeting during the PP process and establishing and maintaining a publicly accessible Administrative Record file for the Site. A public notice advertising the PP public meeting and the 30-day public comment period was published in the Palos Verdes Peninsula News on 05 September 2024. USACE Los Angeles District held a public meeting on 10 October 2024 from 6:00 to 8:00 pm at the Point Vicente Interpretive Center (31501 Palos Verdes Drive West, Rancho Palos Verdes, California), to present the PP and the No Further Action decision for the Site and to answer questions from the community related to this decision. The RI Report (USACE, 2024a) and the PP (USACE, 2024b) were made available to the public prior to the comment period through the Administrative Record file located at the following locations: City of Rancho Palos Verdes City Clerk’s Office 30940 Hawthorne Blvd. Rancho Palos Verdes, CA 90275 310-544-5217 www.rpvca.gov USACE Los Angeles District 915 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 100 Los Angeles, California 90017 (213) 452-3333 https://www.spl.usace.army.mil/Missions/Formerly-Used-Defense-Sites/Point-Vicente- Interpretive-Center/ The public comment period was held 31 August 2024 through 02 October 2024. No comments were received during the public meeting or during the public comment period. The DTSC approved the PP on 21 January 2025. 2.4 Scope and Role of Response Action This project is the only active project on the Point Vicente MIL RES FC Sites FUDS property. Three other FUDS projects on the FUDS property (J09CA055801, J09CA055802, and J09CA055803) were completed and closed out between 1996 and 2001. This ROD documents the Final August 2025 Rev. 0 6 of 20 Record of Decision Point Vicente MIL RES FC Sites/Pt. Vicente Soil Contamination Rancho Palos Verdes, California FUDS Project Number J09CA055804 final decision for this FUDS Property and supports no further action at the Site under the CERCLA process. In September 2002, USACE conducted a Removal Action at the Site to remediate lead contamination in surface and subsurface soil associated with activities at the former KD Rifle Range. The Removal Action included preliminary sampling, excavation and confirmation sampling, and post-excavation confirmation sampling. Preliminary samples were collected using a drill rig to define the lateral and vertical extent of soil containing lead concentrations exceeding 250 mg/kg in various Areas of Concern (AOCs). The principal areas of soil excavation and confirmation sampling conducted in 2002 included two AOCs (Area A and Area B), Storm Drain A, and Storm Drain B (see Figure 2). AOCs Area A and Area B are the main areas of impacted soil associated with former range operations and cover 1.47 acres. Storm Drain A and Storm Drain B cover 0.53 acres. A Fringe Area, not directly impacted by former range operations, covers approximately 20 acres and is the area surrounding AOCs Area A and Area B. As noted in 6HFWLRQof this ROD, these were the three exposure units and acreages for each evaluated in the risk assessment. The excavation activities removed lead-impacted soil, including bullets, bullet fragments, and other metal debris. The excavations were backfilled with soil from two sources. Approximately 1,200 bank cubic yards (bcy) of soil with lead concentrations below the action level of 250 mg/kg were reused from Area B. The remaining soil needed to establish the finish grade was imported from off-Site and tested to ensure that there were no significant levels of contaminants. Approximately 4,200 bcy of soil was imported to the Site. Following removal activities, Area A and Area B and excavated areas within the Storm Drain Area were capped with a 1-foot layer of imported soil covering 1.7 acres. Based on the conclusions of the 2024 RI, the surface and subsurface soil at the Site does not represent a potential threat to public health, welfare, and/or the environment under the current and reasonably anticipated future land use, and a response action is not warranted. A Covenant to Restrict Use of Property has been established between the City of Rancho Palos Verdes and DTSC that restricts the use of the property to recreational and other related governmental and public uses. The Covenant to Restrict Use of Property was executed in 2006 between the City of Rancho Palos Verdes and DTSC. The covenant addresses the Point Vicente Interpretive Center and part of the Point Vicente Park, including improvements (building, parking areas, access roads, and landscaped areas). The covenant states that pursuant to California Civil Code Section 1471(a)(3), DTSC has determined that the covenant is reasonably necessary to protect current and future human health and safety of the environment because of hazardous materials (lead) on the land as defined in California Health and Safety Code Section 25260. The covenant restricts certain uses and activities for a portion of the property to a public park, educational use, research, and community center, and other related governmental and public uses. The covenant prohibits the following activities: 1. Future construction or demolition of existing improvements that may disturb the cap or soil underneath the cap. 2. Activities that may disturb soil beneath the cap (e.g., excavation, grading, removal, trenching, filling, earth moving, etc.) without review and approval by DTSC. Final August 2025 Rev. 0 7 of 20 Record of Decision Point Vicente MIL RES FC Sites/Pt. Vicente Soil Contamination Rancho Palos Verdes, California FUDS Project Number J09CA055804 3. Activities that alter the concrete and asphalt that serve as caps (other than routine, noninvasive maintenance) without written approval by DTSC. 4. Activities disturbing the cap that may harm persons or property from exposure to potential contaminated soils. The covenant binds all owners of the property, and their heirs and successors. Therefore, all successive owners are expressly bound for the benefit of future public health and environmental safety. 2.5 Project Characteristics This section provides an overview of the Site characteristics, including a summary of the Conceptual Site Model (CSM) for human and ecological receptors, site features, and the results of the 2024 RI. 2.5.1 Conceptual Site Model Summary A CSM was developed to identify complete exposure pathways for human receptors (recreational visitors, Site workers, and construction workers) and ecological receptors (plants, invertebrates, mammals, and birds) potentially exposed to lead in the soil. A CSM is used to communicate and describe the current state of knowledge and assumptions about risks at a project site. It describes the site and its environment and depicts the nature of potential contamination, its location, and the possible interactions between any contamination and human and environmental receptors. The CSM presents the exposure pathway analysis by integrating information regarding the Site and source, receptors, and receptor interaction. It is necessary to evaluate Site-specific conditions and land use to evaluate risks posed to potential receptors under current and future land use scenarios. The CSM for the Site was created based on the results of the 2024 RI. A CSM was prepared for human and ecological receptors. The human health and ecological CSM depicts and evaluates residual lead migration, exposure pathways, and possible human and/or ecological receptors, based on Site-specific conditions. The CSM summarizes which potential receptor exposure pathways for lead are or may be complete and which are and are likely to remain incomplete. An exposure pathway is considered incomplete unless all five of the following elements are present (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [USEPA], 1989): 1. A source of contamination 2. An exposure medium 3. A point of exposure at which the contaminant can interact with a receptor 4. A likely route of exposure at the exposure point; and 5. A receptor/population that may be exposed to a source of contamination. If any single factor is not present, the pathway is considered incomplete. Table 1 summarizes the CSM for the Site. Final August 2025 Rev. 0 8 of 20 Record of Decision Point Vicente MIL RES FC Sites/Pt. Vicente Soil Contamination Rancho Palos Verdes, California FUDS Project Number J09CA055804 Table 1. Conceptual Site Model Summary Site Details Historical Contamination Sources / 2002 Remediated Areas Risk Assessment Exposure Area for Lead: Post-2002 Remediation Receptor/Exposed Population Exposure Media/Exposure Points Exposure Pathways / Exposure Routes Acreage: 26.4 acres Lead in Soil Lead in Soil Human Receptors Exposure Media Human Health: Complete human Owned by the City of Area A contained Human Exposure Current/future Human Receptors exposure pathways for lead in Rancho Palos Verdes. lead ≥250 mg/kg Areas human receptors: Recreational/Site visitors: surface and subsurface soil are Deed restrictions / (excavated to AOC Area A/Area Site workers, Surface soil 0- to 1-foot the following: covenants prevent depth of impact) B (1.47-acre adult/child below ground surface Incidental ingestion, dermal current and future Area B contained exposure unit, recreational (bgs) contact, and inhalation of residential lead <250 mg/kg) workers/visitors) users/Site visitors, Site workers: suspended soil particles development and uses (removed upper 1-foot of soil) Storm Drain Area (0.53-acre and construction workers Surface/subsurface soil 0- to 2-feet bgs Ecological: Complete ecological exposure pathways for lead in Suspected Past Storm Drains A exposure unit, Ecological Construction Workers: surface and subsurface soil are Activities (release and B (Soil with construction Receptors Surface/subsurface soil the following: mechanism): lead ≥250 mg/kg workers) Current/future 0- to 10-feet bgs Incidental ingestion, dermal Site includes the excavated from Fringe Area ecological Ecological Receptors contact, and inhalation of former Known footprints) (exposure unit, receptors: terrestrial Surface soil (0-to 0.5-suspended soil particles, and Distance Rifle Range active from 1950s to 1974. The former rifle range was demolished to build Point Vicente Interpretive Center and lead-impacted soil from earthen backstop was used to grade the Site. Area A/Area B capped with 1- foot imported soil workers/visitors, 20.3 acres) vegetation, soil invertebrates, birds, and mammals Surrogate species: x Botta’s Pocket Gopher x Ornate Shrew x Red Fox x California Quail foot bgs) for Coastal California Gnatcatcher Surface soil (0- to 1-foot bgs) for Ornate Shrew, California Quail, American Robin, Barn Owl, Western Scrub Jay Surface/subsurface soil (0- to 2-feet bgs) for Pocket Mouse, Red Fox uptake Final August 2025 Rev. 0 9 of 20 Record of Decision Point Vicente MIL RES FC Sites/Pt. Vicente Soil Contamination Rancho Palos Verdes, California FUDS Project Number J09CA055804 CURRENT LAND USE: Pacific gray whale watching Nature trails/walks Public Park, Interpretive Center/Museum, landscaping and plant nursery Related research, education, and recreation Ecological Exposure Areas Area A/Area B (1.7-acre removal area) Fringe Area (exposure unit 20.3 acres) Storm Drain A/Storm Drain B redistributed to Area A, Area B, and the Fringe Area Ecological Habitat Types x Coastal Scrub Sage x Grassland x Disturbed Area x Southern Coastal Bluff (adjacent to Site) x American Robin x Barn Owl x Western Scrub Jay Listed Species: x Coastal California Gnatcatcher x Pacific Pocket Mouse x El Segundo Blue Butterfly Surface/subsurface soil (0- to 6-feet bgs) for Botta’s Pocket Gopher Listed Species: x Coastal California Gnatcatcher (0-to 0.5-foot bgs) x Pacific Pocket Mouse (0- to 2-feet bgs) x El Segundo Blue Butterfly (0-to 1-foot bgs) Exposure Points Park area Landscaped area near Point Vicente Interpretive Center Exhibit Building Gardens and nature trails Whale observation locations within the Point Vicente Interpretive Center Risk Assessment: Human Risk x Acceptable risk for all receptors – incremental increase in blood lead ≤1.0 microgram per deciliter (μg/dl) child and <1.1 μg/dl adult. Ecological Risk x AOCs Area A and Area B: No-Observed-Adverse-Effect- Level (NOAEL)-based Hazard Quotients (HQs) are <1 for Botta’s Pocket Gopher, Ornate Shrew, Red Fox, California Quail, Barn Owl, Western Scrub Jay. x Fringe Area: NOAEL-based HQs are ≤1 for Botta’s Pocket Gopher, Ornate Shrew, Red Fox, California Quail, American Robin, Barn Owl, Western Scrub Jay. x AOCs Area A and Area B: NOAEL-based HQ is >1 for American Robin and California Gnatcatcher. x Fringe Area: NOAEL-based HQ is >1 for California Gnatcatcher. x No unacceptable risk Final August 2025 Rev. 0 10 of 20 Record of Decision Point Vicente MIL RES FC Sites/Pt. Vicente Soil Contamination Rancho Palos Verdes, California FUDS Project Number J09CA055804 2.5.2 Site Features The Site spans 26.4 acres and is owned by the City of Rancho Palos Verdes. The Site is subject to deed restrictions and covenants that prohibit current and future residential development and uses. The Site sits on marine terraces east of the Pacific Ocean coastline. Site elevations range from 125 feet above mean sea level (amsl) at the sea cliffs to 402 feet amsl on the upper marine terrace. The Site area gently slopes 1 to 2 degrees south-southwest from an approximate elevation of 75 feet amsl at the western boundary (sea cliffs) to about 215 feet amsl adjacent to Palos Verdes Drive West. A drainage channel follows the northern property line, eventually discharging to the Pacific Ocean. Historically, the Site included the former KD Rifle Range, which was active from the 1950s to 1974. Following the range’s demolition, lead-impacted soil from its earthen backstop was used to grade the area for redevelopment. Today, the Site is the home of the Point Vicente Interpretive Center, which consists of a developed area that includes a museum/exhibit building, landscaping, trails, parking lots, utilities, public roads, and undeveloped park land. Docents give tours of the facility and workers maintain the facility and grounds. Adult and child recreational visitors use the facility for whale and bird watching, hiking, walking, biking, and school trips, and as a museum and community center. Ecological receptors (plants and animals) use habitat in the park area, with more limited use within the developed area. 2.5.3 2024 Remedial Investigation The 2024 RI was completed on behalf of USACE Los Angeles District to characterize Site conditions, determine the current nature and extent of lead contamination following the 2002 Removal Action, and perform a human health risk assessment (HHRA) and baseline ecological risk assessment (BERA) based on current and future land use scenarios. The 2024 RI relied only on physical data collected in 2000, 2001, and 2002, and no new data were collected. The RI assessed the current Site conditions and provided the basis for decisions regarding the need for further action at the Site. During the 2024 RI, USACE only used data sources for Site characterization and risk assessment if they were representative of lead distributions currently in place. A Geographic Information System (GIS) database was compiled that contains all lead sample results associated with the Phase II ESAs and Removal Action. Laboratory data extracted from the GIS database supported specific evaluation of lead distributions at selected depth intervals and exposure areas for characterization and risk assessment. Sample locations under the expanded facility and asphalt surfaces were excluded because these exposure pathways are considered incomplete. Three locations in AOC Area A were identified as containing lead concentrations in soil exceeding the 250 mg/kg action level based on the Phase II ESAs. Lead concentrations exceeding 50 mg/kg were identified in AOC Area B, where impacted soil from the rifle range backstop berm was used for grading outside of AOC Area A. Phase II ESA results indicated soils in the Fringe Area were not impacted by operations at the former KD Rifle Range. Final August 2025 Rev. 0 11 of 20 Record of Decision Point Vicente MIL RES FC Sites/Pt. Vicente Soil Contamination Rancho Palos Verdes, California FUDS Project Number J09CA055804 During the Removal Action, USACE drilled soil borings within AOC Areas A and B to further delineate the areal and vertical extent of lead concentrations exceeding the action level. Samples were also collected from the perimeter of the Point Vicente Interpretive Center Exhibit Building, parking lots, and storm-drain footprints. Following delineation, soil was excavated in Area A to depth and the top 12 inches of soil was removed from Area B. Soil removed from Area B was segregated, tested to contain a mean lead concentration of 106 mg/kg, and used to backfill the excavations in Area A, if lead concentrations were below 250 mg/kg. Areas A and B were then covered with a 1-foot-thick cap of imported soil, tested to contain lead at a mean concentration of 1.30 mg/kg. The third area potentially impacted by lead from the KD Rifle Range bullet backstop was the Storm Drain Area (footprints of Storm Drain A and Storm Drain B). Soil containing lead concentrations exceeding 250 mg/kg was removed prior to utility installation to protect workers and the area backfilled. Post-remedial lead distributions were documented through confirmation samples collected from the excavation floor and sidewalls of Area A, from the in-place soil in Area B after removal of the upper 1-foot of soil, and from the Storm Drain Area. Analytical results compiled from the Phase II ESAs and Removal Action supported development of the CSM (Table 1) and the nature and extent characterization of lead under current conditions. Potential human receptors identified for the RI are adult/child recreational visitors, Site workers, and construction workers. Complete exposure pathways include surface soil (0- to 1-foot below ground surface [bgs]) for Site visitors, surface/subsurface soil (0- to 2-feet bgs) for Site workers, and soil from 0- to 10-feet bgs for construction workers. Complete exposure pathways for ecological receptors at the Site addressed surface soil (0- to 0.5-feet bgs) for the California gnatcatcher and 0- to 1-foot bgs for ornate shrew, California quail, American robin, and western scrub jay); shallow surface/subsurface soil (0- to 2-feet bgs) for Pacific pocket mouse and red fox; and surface/subsurface soil from 0- to 6-feet bgs for Botta’s pocket gopher. Three exposure units, AOC Area A and Area B, the Fringe Area, and the Storm Drain Area, were defined for the HHRA. For the BERA, sample locations from the Storm Drain Area were added into AOC Area A and Area B and the Fringe Area based on their overlapping spatial position. Two exposure units were defined for the BERA: AOC Area A and Area B and the Fringe Area. Data Used for Human Risk Characterization Lead concentrations within AOC Area A and Area B range from 1.30 to 204 mg/kg based on analytical results of 119 surface soil samples (0- to 1-foot bgs) and 144 surface/subsurface samples (0- to 2-feet bgs). These sample groupings resulted in estimated population means (95 Percent Upper Confidence Limit [UCL95] concentrations) of 40.7 mg/kg and 45.8 mg/kg, respectively, used as Exposure Point Concentrations (EPCs) in the risk assessment. Concentrations from 0- to 10-feet bgs in the Storm Drain Area range from 0.5 to 126 mg/kg based on 34 samples, corresponding to an estimated population mean (UCL95) of 34.1 mg/kg as the EPC. Analytical results for 67 surface soil samples (0- to 1-foot bgs) and 68 surface/subsurface samples (0- to 2- feet bgs) at the Fringe Area indicate lead concentrations range from 2.4 to 43 mg/kg and 2.4 to 156 mg/kg, respectively, resulting in EPCs (estimated population means or UCL95 concentrations) of Final August 2025 Rev. 0 12 of 20 Record of Decision Point Vicente MIL RES FC Sites/Pt. Vicente Soil Contamination Rancho Palos Verdes, California FUDS Project Number J09CA055804 12.6 mg/kg and 16.9 mg/kg. At the Storm Drain Area, the estimated population mean (UCL95 concentration) of 34.1 mg/kg was calculated for the soil interval from 0- to 10-feet bgs. Data Used for Ecological Risk Characterization Risk was estimated for species exposed to lead concentrations (EPCs) at AOC Area A and Area B and Fringe Area calculated for depth intervals from 0- to 6-feet bgs. The sample mean (arithmetic average) lead concentration of the soil samples collected from 0-to 0.5-foot within the soil cap over AOC Area A and Area B was 1.30 mg/kg. The soil cap was profiled at 39 locations to develop EPCs that account for the spatial extent of the soil cover and reuse fill. Lead concentrations from 0- to 1-foot bgs (125 samples) and 0- to 2-feet bgs (151 samples) at AOC Area A and Area B range from 1.30 to 204 mg/kg. The population means (UCL95 concentrations) used as EPCs to evaluate non-listed species were 39.6 mg/kg and 44.6 mg/kg, respectively. Lead concentrations (210 samples) collected from 0- to 6-feet bgs range from 0.5 to 204 mg/kg and corresponded to a UCL95 of 39.6 mg/kg. Lead concentrations reported at the Fringe Area in 68 samples (0- to 0.5-feet bgs) range from 1.30 to 43 mg/kg. From 0- to 1-foot bgs, lead concentrations analyzed in 75 samples range from 1.30 to 126 mg/kg, while lead concentrations in 76 samples (0- to 2-feet bgs) range from 1.30 to 156 mg/kg. These sample groupings resulted in UCL95 concentrations of 12.3 mg/kg, 21.6 mg/kg, and 24.3 mg/kg, respectively. In the interval from 0- to 6-feet bgs, lead concentrations analyzed in 210 samples range from 0.5 to 156 mg/kg; the EPC (estimated population mean or UCL95) was 24.0 mg/kg. Threatened and endangered species coastal California gnatcatcher, Pacific pocket mouse, and El Segundo blue butterfly were evaluated using more-stringent (protective) maximum concentrations as EPCs. These ranged from 1.3 to 204 mg/kg at AOC A/B and 43 to 156 mg/kg at the Fringe Area. Fill Characterization The sample mean (arithmetic average) lead concentrations in the reuse backfill (1,200 bcy) was 106 mg/kg and the lead sample mean of imported fill installed for the 1.7-acre soil cap (2,200 bcy) over AOC A and AOC B was 1.30 mg/kg. The lead arithmetic mean was used to estimate the true concentration of the mean due to the minimal number of laboratory samples available for the calculations. The concentration of lead in reuse soil used to back fill excavated areas and in imported soil used for the final 1-foot cap were incorporated into the nature and extent characterization to address the lateral and vertical extents of the two layers. Risk Characterization Two risk assessments were performed as part of the RI: an HHRA and a BERA. No unacceptable risk to human receptors from estimated exposure to lead was identified in the HHRA. No unacceptable risk to ecological receptors (terrestrial plants, soil invertebrates, mammals, or birds, including listed species) was identified from exposure to lead in soil in the BERA. Detailed descriptions of the results of the risk assessments are included in Sections 2.7.1 and 2.7.2 of this ROD. Based on the conclusions of the RI, surface and subsurface soil at the Site do not represent Final August 2025 Rev. 0 13 of 20 Record of Decision Point Vicente MIL RES FC Sites/Pt. Vicente Soil Contamination Rancho Palos Verdes, California FUDS Project Number J09CA055804 a potential threat to public health, welfare, and/or the environment under the current and reasonably anticipated future land use, which is restricted under the 2006 Land Use Covenant. 2.6 Current and Potential Future Land Use The current use of the Point Vicente Interpretive Center and surrounding park focuses on recreational and educational activities. The Site serves as a public park and features an interpretive center and museum, nature trails, and areas for landscaping and plant nurseries. It is also a popular location for Pacific gray whale watching and supports related research, education, and community recreation. The future land use of the Site and park will remain recreational, as established by the 2006 Covenant to Restrict Use of Property between the City of Rancho Palos Verdes and DTSC. The Covenant restricts the property to public park, educational, research, and community center purposes to ensure long-term protection of human health and the environment due to residual lead contamination. In accordance with the 2002 Remedial Action Plan (USACE, 2002) prepared for the Removal Action, USACE remediated the site by removing lead-contaminated soil and capping portions of the property with clean soil. In addition to the land use restriction, the Covenant requires DTSC notification and approval prior to any future construction or demolition of existing improvements that may involve disturbance of the cap (including concrete and asphalt over the cap) or the soil underneath the cap. Additionally, if any hazardous substances are encountered during construction or demolition activities, then the City must take appropriate action as directed by DTSC. These restrictions are in place to prevent disturbance of the cap or underlying soil without DTSC approval, and are binding on all future property owners to ensure that the site remains dedicated to its recreational purpose. 2.7 Summary of Site Risks Two risk assessments were performed as part of the 2024 RI: an HHRA and a BERA. The risk assessments were conducted for assumed exposures to lead in soil at the Site. The risk assessments include an exposure assessment to identify receptors at risk and estimate the type and magnitude of lead remaining at the Site following the 2002 Removal Action. Risks were estimated using the DTSC Lead Risk Assessment Spreadsheet, version 9 (LeadSpread 9) and the DTSC-modified screening levels for lead, as presented by the DTSC Human and Ecological Risk Office in 2020 and revised in 2022 (DTSC, 2022). These screening levels are more stringent than the USEPA regional screening levels for lead in soil. Current and future exposure scenarios were identified. The Point Vicente Interpretive Center will remain a public park under the Land Use Covenant established in 2006 (see Section 2.4). The human health and ecological CSM indicates surface and subsurface soil exposure pathways are complete and lead is the only chemical of potential concern/chemical of potential ecological concern. The results of the risk assessments are described below. 2.7.1 Human Health Risks Residual concentrations of lead associated with former operations at the U.S. Army’s former KD Rifle Range are present in the surface and subsurface soils at the Site. An HHRA was performed Final August 2025 Rev. 0 14 of 20 Record of Decision Point Vicente MIL RES FC Sites/Pt. Vicente Soil Contamination Rancho Palos Verdes, California FUDS Project Number J09CA055804 to estimate potential risks to human receptors exposed to the lead-impacted soils at the Site assuming current and future land use scenarios, following federal and state guidelines. Risk was evaluated under the assumption that the soil that is currently inaccessible will continue to be inaccessible in the future. Exposure areas include AOCs Area A and Area B in the vicinity of the Point Vicente Interpretive Center’s Exhibit Building, where backstop berm soil from the former rifle range, the historical source of lead contamination, was used during facility construction; the Fringe Area, where soils were not impacted by former operations; and the Storm Drain corridor, where lead-impacted soil was removed prior to utility installation. For current and future land use, potential health risks to visitors (adults and children) and Point Vicente Interpretive Center workers were evaluated for surface soil (0- to 1-foot bgs) and surface/subsurface soil (0- to 2-feet bgs). In addition, health risks were estimated for construction workers involved in hypothetical future Point Vicente Interpretive Center construction activities from 0- to 10-feet bgs. The USEPA ProUCL version 5.2 (USEPA, 2022) was used to calculate lead EPCs as UCL95 concentrations. Exposure routes for current and future human receptors include dermal contact, incidental ingestion of soil, and the inhalation of dust and windborne particulates. LeadSpread 9, developed by DTSC in 2022, was used to estimate blood lead concentrations resulting from exposure to contaminated soil in AOCs Area A and Area B, Fringe Area, or the Storm Drain A and Storm Drain B footprint based on receptor exposure parameters for recreational and worker land use scenarios. Using Site-specific EPCs and exposure frequencies developed for each scenario, LeadSpread 9 estimates the incremental change in blood lead level for comparison to the benchmark of 1 microgram per deciliter (μg/dl) (child) or 1.1 μg/dl (adult). The toxicity criterion underpinning LeadSpread 9 is the California Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment’s (OEHHA’s) 1 μg/dl benchmark for source-specific incremental change in blood lead levels for protection of school children and fetuses (OEHHA, 2007). A benchmark change of 1 μg/dl is the estimated incremental increase in children’s blood lead that would reduce a child’s Intelligence Quotient by up to 1 point. The adult scenarios for workers and non-workers are based on protecting the fetus carried by an exposed adult female such that the incremental increase in blood lead of the fetus does not exceed 1 μg/dl (accounting for a fetal to adult blood lead ratio of 0.9, the fetus of the exposed adult female with an incremental change in blood lead of 1.1 μg/dl would have a blood lead value of 1.0 μg/dl). The benchmark incremental change in blood level does not represent a safe exposure level, since no safe level has been definitively established. However, changes in blood lead equal to or less than the benchmark incremental change are expected to cause no measurable adverse effect. Exposure of recreational visitors, Site workers, and construction workers to lead-contaminated soil in AOCs Area A and Area B or the Fringe Area is not expected to result in adverse health effects based on results of LeadSpread 9 modeling. The model supports that incremental blood lead concentrations do not exceed 1.0 μg/dl for the 90th percentile child visitor, including the pica child, or 1.1 μg/dl for 90th percentile adult recreational visitors or Site workers. Adverse health effects are also not expected for construction workers exposed to lead within the Storm Drain corridor. Final August 2025 Rev. 0 15 of 20 Record of Decision Point Vicente MIL RES FC Sites/Pt. Vicente Soil Contamination Rancho Palos Verdes, California FUDS Project Number J09CA055804 2.7.2 Ecological Risks The BERA evaluated potential risks to ecological receptors at the Site from exposure to lead concentrations in surface and subsurface soil associated with the former KD Rifle Range. USACE conducted a search of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Information, Planning, and Conservation (IPaC) database (USFWS, 2022) for the Site. The search indicates five state or federally listed threatened, endangered, or sensitive species potentially occur within the Site. These include one mammal, one bird, and three insects. The Site also overlaps critical habitat of the threatened coastal California gnatcatcher. The surrogate species selected for the BERA are based on the habitat characteristics of the coastal sage scrub community and the potential presence of the coastal California gnatcatcher and endangered Pacific pocket mouse. The endangered El Segundo blue butterfly has been observed in the planted native gardens at the Site and in the southern coastal bluff scrub associated with host plant seacliff buckwheat (Eriogonum parvifolium) growing on the cliffs adjacent to the Site. The ecological receptors evaluated in the BERA include terrestrial plants and soil invertebrates (refined evaluation) and mammals and birds. The ecological CSM (summarized in Table 1) documents complete exposure pathways for surface and subsurface soil. Exposure routes include uptake or dermal contact with soil (terrestrial plants and soil invertebrates) and ingestion of lead- impacted prey and soil (birds and mammals). Using a conservative approach, all receptor groups were assumed to be exposed to surface (0- to 0.5-feet bgs; 0- to 1-foot bgs) and surface/subsurface (0- to 2-feet bgs; 0- to 6-feet bgs) soil. The BERA characterized risks for wildlife receptors from exposure to residual lead contamination in surface and subsurface soil. The Site was historically vegetated by a native coastal sage scrub plant community, remnants of which may still be found at the Site. These areas are likely less than an acre of the approximately 26-acre site. The Site currently consists of disturbed areas and native and non-native grassland habitat. During the 2002 Removal Action, a 1.7-acre area was covered with a 1-foot-thick soil cap in the vicinity of the Point Vicente Interpretive Center’s Exhibit Building, where gardens and landscaped areas now exist. The Site overlaps critical habitat designated for the threatened coastal California gnatcatcher, and the coastal sage scrub plant community provides potential habitat for the endangered Pacific pocket mouse. The endangered El Segundo blue butterfly is present at the Site. Two exposure units were evaluated in the BERA, the 1.7-acre AOCs Area A and Area B, where berm soil from the former U.S. Army KD Rifle Range was used for grading during construction of the Point Vicente Interpretive Center, and the surrounding 20.3-acre Fringe Area. The screening level ecological risk evaluation indicated a need for further ecological risk evaluation at the Site. Comparison of maximum lead concentrations detected at the Site to receptor-specific ecological screening values (ESVs) resulted in no-effect hazard quotients (HQs) greater than 1 for mammals and birds; no-effect HQs exceeding 1 were also calculated for birds exposed to UCL95 concentrations. USACE further evaluated mammal and bird receptors in the BERA. Lead HQs for the endangered El Segundo blue butterfly were determined to be less than 1 based on comparison of maximum EPCs to the ESV for soil invertebrates as a surrogate. Invertebrates were addressed qualitatively given the presence of the butterfly at the Site and lack of specific direct contact soil Final August 2025 Rev. 0 16 of 20 Record of Decision Point Vicente MIL RES FC Sites/Pt. Vicente Soil Contamination Rancho Palos Verdes, California FUDS Project Number J09CA055804 toxicity values for lead. Plants were not addressed in the BERA; no listed plants are present at the Site, and the HQ for non-listed plants was less than 1 based on UCL95 concentrations from 0- to 6-feet bgs. The objective of the BERA was to provide a more realistic and focused assessment of potential exposures and risks resulting from the screening level evaluation process. Because the 2002 Removal Action resulted in the removal of lead-impacted soil, including bullets, bullet fragments, and other metal debris, the lead pellet ingestion route for birds is not complete. Based on the Site characterization, CSM, and available data, the following exposure pathways are complete or potentially complete and were evaluated in the BERA: x Plants: Direct contact with lead in surface and subsurface soil x Soil invertebrates: Direct contact of invertebrates with lead in surface and near-surface soil and uptake of metals from soil x Terrestrial herbivorous wildlife: Ingestion of terrestrial plants and incidental soil ingestion x Terrestrial insectivorous/invertivorous wildlife: Ingestion of terrestrial invertebrates and incidental soil ingestion x Terrestrial omnivorous wildlife: Ingestion of terrestrial plants, terrestrial invertebrates, and incidental ingestion of soil x Terrestrial carnivorous wildlife receptors: Exposure to terrestrial food/prey (plants, soil invertebrates, small mammal tissues) Risk to wildlife receptors was evaluated in the BERA for assumed exposure to lead concentrations in impacted soil measured at AOCs Area A and Area B and the Fringe Area. Exposure intervals were developed for each surrogate species and include surface soil (0- to 0.5-feet bgs and 0- to 1- foot bgs), shallow soil (0- to 2-feet bgs), and soil from 0- to 6-feet bgs. Food-chain models for mammals (herbivore, insectivore, and carnivore species) and birds (herbivore, insectivore/invertivore, and carnivore species) were used to estimate uptake of lead via soil, plant, and prey ingestion. Lead average daily doses were calculated for non-listed surrogate species based on dietary composition (pocket gopher, ornate shrew, American robin, red fox, California quail, barn owl, and western scrub jay) and compared to No-Effect-Adverse-Effect Level (NOAEL) and the Lowest-Observed-Adverse-Effect level toxicity reference values available for birds and mammals. Surrogates for two listed species (coastal California gnatcatcher and Pacific pocket mouse) were quantitatively evaluated, and the El Segundo blue butterfly was evaluated as having HQs less than 1 in the screening evaluation using soil invertebrate ESVs as a surrogate. All wildlife HQs are modified to account for the size of the exposure unit relative to the size of the receptor’s home range. The NOAEL-based HQs exceeded 1 for the American robin at AOCs Area A and Area B for exposure to lead in soil from 0- to 1-foot bgs. The locations of residual lead concentrations above 100 mg/kg associated with this depth interval are excavation confirmation samples evaluated during the 2002 Removal Action. The entire AOC is covered by a 1-foot-thick cap of soil. This protective soil cap prevents contact between the robin and potential contamination. The NOAEL-based HQs exceeded 1 for the California gnatcatcher for exposure to Final August 2025 Rev. 0 17 of 20 Record of Decision Point Vicente MIL RES FC Sites/Pt. Vicente Soil Contamination Rancho Palos Verdes, California FUDS Project Number J09CA055804 soil in the Fringe Area and AOCs Area A and Area B, and for exposure to soil in the Fringe Area from 0- to 0.5-foot bgs. The California gnatcatcher is only exposed to the upper few inches of surface soil (0- to 0.5-foot bgs) during foraging, so the 1-foot-thick cap of soil at AOCs Area A and Area B protects the gnatcatcher from contacting any potential contamination in soil beneath the cap. In the soil concentrations exceeding the 12 mg/kg threshold associated with a NOAEL HQ of 1 are delineated to a 2-acre sub-area. Food-chain modeling for this 2-acre sub-area indicates the NOAEL-based HQ is less than 1, assuming a home range of 6 acres. Therefore, acceptable risks are anticipated for both the American robin and the California gnatcatcher. The results of the BERA indicate acceptable risks to ecological receptors at the Site, including the endangered mammalian herbivore Pacific pocket mouse and threatened avian insectivore coastal California gnatcatcher. The NOAEL-based HQs for the endangered El Segundo blue butterfly were determined to be less than 1 in the screening evaluation using the soil invertebrate ESV as a surrogate. The BERA provides a comprehensive assessment of wildlife receptor risks associated with exposure to anthropogenic sources of lead contamination within the Site, including the threatened coastal California gnatcatcher and endangered Pacific pocket mouse. Based on the results of the HHRA and BERA, the surface and subsurface soil at the Site does not represent a potential threat to public health, welfare, and/or the environment under the current and reasonably anticipated future land use. Therefore, a Response Action is not warranted. 2.8 Documentation of Significant Changes from the Proposed Plan The PP for the Site was released for public comment on 31 August 2024. The PP discussed the basis for USACE’s recommended alternative of “No Further Action” under CERCLA for the Site. No comments were received during the public meeting or the public comment period beginning 31 August 2024 and ending 02 October 2024. Therefore, no significant change to the No Further Action decision, identified in the PP, is necessary for the Site. On 21 January 2025, the DTSC provided a formal letter indicating concurrence with the Final PP for the Site. Final August 2025 Rev. 0 18 of 20 Record of Decision Point Vicente MIL RES FC Sites/Pt. Vicente Soil Contamination Rancho Palos Verdes, California FUDS Project Number J09CA055804 PART 3: RESPONSIVENESS SUMMARY USACE provided information to the public regarding the proposed No Further Action decision for the Site through the Administrative Record file and through announcements published in the Palos Verdes Peninsula News. USACE encourages the public to gain a comprehensive understanding of the Site and the past investigations that have been conducted at the Site. USACE has prepared this Responsiveness Summary for the Site as part of the process for finalizing the remedial action decisions for the Site. The purpose of the Responsiveness Summary is to document (for the Administrative Record) public comments and issues raised during the public comment period on the recommendation for No Further Action presented in the PP for the Site, and to provide USACE’s responses to those comments. No comments were received by mail, electronic media, or voiced at the public meeting. The final decision for the Site is consistent with the PP without revision, and as detailed in this ROD. USACE has complied with the public participation requirements in accordance with Section 117 of CERCLA, codified at 42 U.S.C. §9617, and with the NCP 40 Code of Federal Regulations §300.430(f)(3). 3.1 Stakeholder Issues and Lead Agency Responses No comments or questions were submitted to USACE regarding the Site with respect to the PP or this ROD. Therefore, there were no resultant changes to the PP. 3.2 Technical and Legal Issues No technical or legal issues have been identified for the Site with respect to this ROD. Final August 2025 Rev. 0 19 of 20 Record of Decision Point Vicente MIL RES FC Sites/Pt. Vicente Soil Contamination Rancho Palos Verdes, California FUDS Project Number J09CA055804 REFERENCES California Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) Human and Ecological Risk Office (HERO), 2022. Lead Risk Assessment Spreadsheet, version 9 (LeadSpread 9). California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), 2007. Final Report: Child-specific Benchmark Change in Blood Lead Concentration for School Site Risk Assessment. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), 2024a. Remedial Investigation Report. Final. Point Vicente MIL RES FC Sites/Pt. Vicente Soil Contamination, FUDS Project No.: J09CA055804 Rancho Palos Verdes, California. USACE, 2024b. Proposed Plan for No Further Action at Point Vicente MIL RES FC Sites/Pt. Vicente Soil Contamination, FUDS Number J09CA055804, Rancho Palos Verdes, California. USACE, 2003. Final Closure Report, Lead Contaminated Soil Removal, Point Vicente Interpretive Center, Rancho Palos Verdes, California. USACE, 2002. Final Remedial Action Plan, Point Vicente Interpretive Center, Palos Verdes Drive West, Rancho Palos Verdes, California. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2022. ProUCL version 5.2 Technical Guide, Statistical Software for Environmental Applications for Data Sets with and without Nondetect Observations. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2020. Information, Planning, and Conservation (IPaC) Database, Threatened and Endangered Species List, Point Vicente Interpretive Center, California. Final August 2025 Rev. 0 20 of 20