CC SR 20250715 E - Approval of Class Specifications
CITY COUNCIL MEETING DATE: 07/15/2025
AGENDA REPORT AGENDA HEADING: Consent Calendar
AGENDA TITLE:
Consideration to approve certain new or amended City employment Class Specifications.
RECOMMENDED COUNCIL ACTION:
(1) Approve a revised Class Specification for Part-time Staff Assistant;
(2) Approve a new Class Specification for Open Space and Trails Coordinator; and
(3) If acceptable, adopt Resolution No. 2025-___- RESOLUTION OF THE CITY
COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF RANCHO PALOS VERDES, STATE OF
CALIFORNIA, AMENDING, APPROVING AND ADOPTING REVISED CLASS
SPECIFICATION FOR PART-TIME STAFF ASSISTANT AND NEW CLASS
SPECIFICATION OPEN SPACE AND TRAILS COORDINATOR.
FISCAL IMPACT: If approved, the revised and new Class Specifications apply to existing
positions included in the FY 2025-26 Adopted Budget of $15.9 million
for salaries and benefits and will not result in any additional fiscal
impact. VR
Amount Budgeted: $15.9 million
Additional Appropriation: N/A
Account Number(s): Various
(All Funds – Salaries & Benefits) VR
ORIGINATED BY: Vanessa Godinez, Human Resources and Risk Manager VG
REVIEWED BY: Catherine Jun, Deputy City Manager CJ
APPROVED BY: Ara Mihranian, AICP, City Manager
ATTACHED SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS:
A. Resolution No. 2025-____ (page A-1)
B. Class Specification: Staff Assistant, redlined (page B-1)
C. Class Specification: Staff Assistant, final (page C-1)
D. Class Specification: Open Space and Trails Coordinator, new (page D-1)
BACKGROUND:
1
Class Specifications are formal descriptions outlining the required duties, responsibilities,
qualifications, knowledge, skills and working conditions for specific positions in the City.
Class Specifications also serve as the official guideline for hiring, promotions, salary
setting, performance evaluation, and organization planning. As a best practice, Class
Specifications that are newly created or require revisions should be presented to the City
Council for consideration.
As part of the City’s ongoing efforts to support daily operations and align staffing with
service demands, the Human Resources Division has completed a review of two Class
Specifications that are fully funded in the City’s operating budget. This includes one
revised Class Specification for Staff Assistant (part-time), and the creation of one new
Class Specification for Open Space and Trails Coordinator (full-time).
The associated labor groups, American Federation of State, County and Municipal
Employees, District Council 36 (AFSCME) and Rancho Palos Verdes Employee
Association (RPVEA), have reviewed and approved the Class Specifications applicable
to their respective bargaining unit pursuant to the meet and confer requirements of the
Meyers-Milias-Brown Act (MMBA). Staff now requests City Council consideration to
formally approve them, as discussed below.
DISCUSSION:
Revised Class Specification
The Class Specification for Staff Assistant (part-time) has been amended to more
accurately reflect modifications to the position’s scope of work and responsibilities.
• More detailed, specific, and modern description of duties
• Added clerical tasks
• Expanded computer and technical skill expectations
• Clearer physical demands and environmental conditions
• Stronger emphasis on customer service and communication
In FY 2025-26, the City has two budgeted, part-time Staff Assistant positions that are
assigned to the Reception Desk at the City Hall lobby. The positions are responsible for
greeting and assisting visitors; providing general information about City services via
phone, email and in person; managing the mail center; and managing a variety of clerical
duties and administrative projects, as requested.
The current salary range for the part-time Staff Assistant is $23.82 to $30.95 per hour.
The City’s negotiating team continues to work towards a Tentative Agreement and
Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the City’s part-time employees labor group,
AFSCME District Council 36, whose current MOU expired on June 30, 2025. Once a
successor MOU is approved, the City will return with an updated Salary Schedule for
2
AFSCME employees that represent any negotiated terms, including a new salary range
for their applicable positions, which includes the Staff Assistant.
New Class Specification
Open Space and Trails Coordinator (full-time) is a newly created position to coordinate,
implement, and evaluate the City’s Open Space and Trails areas including the Palos
Verdes Nature Preserve, trails, beaches, and associated parking and access areas. The
position will also coordinate and direct the maintenance, operational duties, and public
education performed by the part-time Open Space and Trails Workers and Open Space
and Trails Crew Leads.
A series of Open Space and Trails positions were created as part of the 2023
Classification and Compensation Study, which included Open Space and Trails Worker,
Crew Lead, Specialist, Supervisor, and Manager. On May 6, 2025 the City Council
approved the new Class Specifications for Open Space and Trails Worker and Open
Space and Trails Crew Lead. As part of the FY2025-26 Budget, the City Council approved
converting the Open Space and Trails Specialist positions (two part-time) to one full-time
Open Space and Trails Coordinator. At this time, the Council is only being asked to
approve the new Open Space and Trails Coordinator Class Specification. The Open
Space and Trails Supervisor and Manager Class Specifications will be req uested for
consideration at a future time.
Approval of the revised part-time Staff Assistant and new Open Space and Trails
Coordinator Class Specifications support the City's goals of operational readiness and
community service enhancement, and approval is necessary to finalize recruitment. If
approved, recruitment for the full-time Open Space and Trails Coordinator position will
commence in July 2025. The FY2025-26 annual salary range for the full-time Open Space
and Trails Coordinator is $74,182 to $96,435.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
Separately, the Human Resources Division is engaging in a more systematic review of
all Class Specifications, working with the City’s Department Heads to ensure that they
accurately reflect the work that their incumbents are currently performing. Upon preparing
all of the updated Class Specifications, Staff will bring them to City Council for final
consideration in a future meeting as it has come to their attention that they have not
previously been approved. Presenting them to the City Council ensures transparency
and greater understanding of the individual roles that contribute to the daily operations of
the City.
CONCLUSION:
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Staff recommends the City Council approve the revised and new Class Specifications to
ensure timely recruitment and fulfillment of staffing needs across departments.
ALTERNATIVES:
In addition to the Staff recommendation, the following alternative actions are available for
the City Council’s consideration:
1. Do not approve the revised and new Class Specifications and do not adopt the
resolution, and provide staff with further direction.
2. Approve, with modifications, the revised and new job classifications and direct staff
to coordinate with the two City labor units and return at a future meeting for Council
consideration.
3. Take other action, as deemed appropriate.
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RESOLUTION NO. 2025-___
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE
CITY OF RANCHO PALOS VERDES, STATE OF
CALIFORNIA, AMENDING, APPROVING AND
ADOPTING REVISED CLASS SPECIFICATION FOR
PARTY-TIME STAFF ASSISTANT, AND NEW
CLASS SPECIFICATION OF OPEN SPACE AND
TRAILS COORDINATOR
WHEREAS, Title 2, Chapter 2.46, Section 2.46.030 of the Rancho Palos Verdes
Municipal Code, and Rule III, Section 1, of the Competitive Service Employee Rules
authorizes the City Manager to prepare, maintain, and amend the classification plan as
needed, which shall contain job specifications for job classifications for positions covered
by the Rules; and
WHEREAS, Rule III, Section 3 of the Competitive Service Employee Rules sets
forth the requirement that the classification plan consists of job specifications, which shall
set forth a descriptive title, typical duties and responsibilities, essential functions of the
position, and the training, experience, and other qualifications necessary or desirable for
the effective performance of each position within a job classification; and
WHEREAS, the Meyers-Milias-Brown Act (the MMBA) imposes on public
employers and recognized employee organizations a “mutual obligation” to meet and
confer regarding wages, hours, and other terms and conditions of employment, and
thereby freely exchange information, opinions, and proposals to reach an agreement on
matters within the scope of representation; and
WHEREAS, the change to the job specification of a represented classification falls,
respectively, within the scope of bargaining between the City Council and Rancho Palos
Verdes Employees Association (RPVEA) and American Federation of State, County and
Municipal Employees, District Council 36 (AFSCME). Labor relations representatives
completed the meet and confer process with the City, and RPVEA and AFSCME have no
objections regarding revising and approving the job descriptions for Staff Assistant (part-
time) and Open Space and Trails Coordinator (full-time); and
WHEREAS, the City Council, RPVEA and AFSCME desire to amend and approve
the job descriptions for Staff Assistant (part-time) and Open Space and Trails Coordinator
(full-time), by accepting, adopting and implementing this resolution;
NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF RANCHO PALOS
VERDES DOES HEREBY FIND, DETERMINE AND RESOLVE AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1: The City Council finds the above recitals are true and correct and
incorporated herein by this reference.
A-1
Resolution No. 2025-
Page 2 of 2
Section 2: The City Council approves and adopts the attached revised Class
Specification for part-time Staff Assistant provided herewith as Exhibit B-2, and approves
and adopts the attached new Class Specification for Open Space and Trails Coordinator
provided herewith as Exhibit C-1.
Section 3: This resolution shall be effective on July 15, 2025. The City Clerk shall
certify the adoption of this Resolution.
PASSED, APPROVED and ADOPTED this 15th day of July 2025.
_____________________________
Mayor
Attest:
____________________________
City Clerk
STATE OF CALIFORNIA )
COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES ) ss
CITY OF RANCHO PALOS VERDES )
I, Teresa Takaoka, City Clerk of the City of Rancho Palos Verdes, hereby certify
that the above Resolution No. 2025-__ was duly and regularly passed and adopted by
the said City Council at a regular meeting thereof held on July 15, 2025.
__________________________
City Clerk
A-2
CLASS SPECIFICATION
DATE: TBD
FLSA: NON-EXEMPT
JOB CLASS: G150
STAFF ASSISTANT
(part-time)
Definition and Class Characteristics
To perform a variety of general clerical and operational support duties, including but not limited to:
assist visitors and staff via telephone, in person, or electronic communication by supplying
general information about the City and directing specific requests to City Departments, according
to established procedures; prepare informational materials such as forms, fliers, emails,
memoranda, and correspondence;, provide administrative support to help implement City programs;
prepare for events and meetings; help coordinate events and meetings; and conduct general research
as requested by supervisors.
Essential Job Functions
Perform general clerical duties related to an assigned functional area. Represent the City to all
callers and visitors in a professional and effective manner. Utilizing office automation
equipment, type, proofread, and process and package a variety of documents including general
correspondence, memoranda and other documents from written draft; edit and revise documents
as necessary; print final documents and distribute. Assist the public by supplying information
about the procedures and business of the department; handle telephone and email inquiries
and counter requests, direct calls and visitors to the proper information source; may process
purchase orders; check invoices and packing slips; type purchase and check requisitions. Receive,
distribute and dispatch mail. Inventory, maintain and order office supplies. Attend and
participate in department staff meetings, public meetings, and events as required. Maintain a
variety of department files and mailing lists. May Rreceive money and perform related tasks
including, cashiering, daily cash balancing and preparation of cash reports. May Aassist the public in
filling out business and other license or permit applications or other forms. May oOperate a multi-
line telephone system/mini-switchboard console. May assist the public in filling out forms. May
Ttrack, process and maintain fees, deposits, petty cash, and a variety of records, files, and
information to the computer. May Ggenerate computer reports and research in regards to
department activity records or other informational documents. Perform other related duties as
required.
Qualification Guidelines
Experience and Education
Any combination of experience and education that would provide the required knowledge and
abilities is qualifying. A typical way to obtain the knowledge and abilities would be:
Experience: One (1) year of experience performing standard clerical duties including public
contact.
Education: Graduation from high school or equivalent.
Licenses, Certificates and Registrations: None
Knowledge of:
Understanding of modern office practices, clerical procedures, record-keeping systems, and office
automation equipment. Proficiency in Microsoft Office Word, Excel, and other office software for
document processing, record maintenance, and report generation. Knowledge of proper grammar, B-1
spelling, punctuation, and formatting for professional correspondence and reports. Understanding of
effective public relations, customer service techniques, and professional etiquette. Familiarity with
relevant ordinances, regulations, and policies governing permits, licenses, and departmental
operations. Knowledge of multi-line telephone systems, professional call handling, and email
correspondence. Understanding of filing systems, data entry, and document retention policies.
Knowledge of cashiering, daily cash balancing, and financial transaction processing. Awareness of
ordering, tracking, and maintaining office supplies. Understanding of meeting protocols, note-taking,
and professional participation in public and staff meetings.
Microsoft Office; modern office methods, procedures and equipment; filing and record keeping
systems. Correct English usage, spelling, grammar and punctuation. Principles of customer service
and public relations.
Ability to:
Perform general clerical tasks, maintain records, process documents, and handle correspondence.
Interact professionally with callers, and visitors and colleagues, provide accurate information, and
assist with inquiries. Understand and convey information effectively through verbal and written
communication. Proofread and edit documents, track records, and maintain accuracy in processing
paperwork. Manage files, mailing lists, inventory, and office supplies efficiently. Operate office
equipment, word processing software, and maintain electronic records. Handle multiple
responsibilities, including processing applications, operating a telephone system, sorting incoming mail
and deliveries and attending meetings. Process check invoices. , handle money, perform cashiering,
and balance daily cash reports. Understand and apply ordinances, regulations, and policies related to
licenses and permits. Attend meetings, collaborate with staff, and contribute to departmental goals.
Deal tactfully, professionally, and effectively with the public and other employees. Type accurately at
45 words per minute.
Perform clerical work including maintenance of appropriate records. Learn the operation of the City's
word processing equipment.
Understand and follow oral and written instructions. Perform routine mathematical calculations
accurately. Operate a busy, multi-line telephone system.
Understand and apply selected ordinances and regulations governing licenses and permit and other
City policies.
Physical Demands
The following conditions represent the requirements an employee must meet to successfully perform
the essential functions of this job. Reasonable accommodations may be provided to support
individuals with disabilities in fulfilling these duties.
Must possess mobility to work in a standard office setting and use standard office equipment,
including a computer; vision to read printed materials and a computer screen; and hearing and
speech to communicate in person and over the telephone. This is primarily a sedentary office
classification although standing and walking between work areas may be required. Finger
dexterity is needed to access, enter, and retrieve data using a computer keyboard, typewriter
keyboard, or calculator and to operate standard office equipment. Positions in this
classification occasionally bend, stoop, kneel, reach, push, and pull drawers open and closed
to retrieve and file information. Employees must possess the ability to lift, carry, push, and pull
materials and objects up to 25 pounds.
Environmental Elements
Employees work in an office environment with moderate noise levels, controlled temperature
conditions, and no direct exposure to hazardous physical substances.
B-2
CLASS SPECIFICATION
DATE: TBD
FLSA: NON-EXEMPT
JOB CLASS: G150
STAFF ASSISTANT
(part-time)
DEFINITION AND CLASS CHARACTERISTICS
To perform a variety of general clerical and operational support duties, including but not limited
to: assist visitors and staff via telephone, in person, or electronic communication by supplying
general information about the City and directing specific requests to City Departments, according
to established procedures; prepare informational materials such as forms, fliers, emails,
memoranda, and correspondence; provide administrative support to help implement City
programs; prepare for events and meetings; and conduct general research as requested by
supervisors.
EXAMPLES OF TYPICAL JOB FUNCTIONS
The examples provided illustrate the general scope of the position and are not exhaustive. The
City reserves the right to adjust job responsibilities as needed to meet operational requirements,
including adding, modifying, or removing functions:
Perform general clerical duties related to an assigned functional area. Represent the City to all
callers and visitors in a professional and effective manner. Utilizing office automation equipment,
type, proofread, process and package a variety of documents including general correspondence,
memoranda and other documents from written draft; edit and revise documents as necessary;
print final documents and distribute. Assist the public by supplying information about the
procedures and business of the department; handle telephone and email inquiries and requests,
direct calls and visitors to the proper information source; may process check invoices and packing
slips. Receive, distribute and dispatch mail. Inventory, maintain and order office supplies. Attend
and participate in department staff meetings, public meetings, and events as required. Maintain
a variety of department files and mailing lists. Assist the public in filling out business and other
license or permit applications or other forms. Operate a multi-line telephone system/mini-
switchboard console. Track, process and maintain a variety of records, files, and information to
the computer. Generate computer reports and research in regard to department activity records
or other informational documents. Perform other related duties as required.
QUALIFICATIONS
Knowledge of:
• Understanding of modern office practices, clerical procedures, record-keeping systems,
and office automation equipment. Proficiency in Microsoft Office Word, Excel, and other
office software for document processing, record maintenance, and report generation.
• Knowledge of proper grammar, spelling, punctuation, and formatting for professional
correspondence and reports.
• Understanding of effective public relations, customer service techniques, and professional
etiquette.
• Familiarity with relevant ordinances, regulations, and policies governing permits, licenses,
and departmental operations.
C-1
• Knowledge of multi-line telephone systems, professional call handling, and email
correspondence.
• Understanding of filing systems, data entry, and document retention policies. Awareness
of ordering, tracking, and maintaining office supplies.
• Understanding of meeting protocols, note-taking, and professional participation in public
and staff meetings.
Ability to:
• Perform general clerical tasks, maintain records, process documents, and handle
correspondence.
• Interact professionally with callers, visitors and colleagues, provide accurate information,
and assist with inquiries. Understand and convey information effectively through verbal
and written communication.
• Proofread and edit documents, track records, and maintain accuracy in processing
paperwork.
• Manage files, mailing lists, inventory, and office supplies efficiently. Operate office
equipment, word processing software, and maintain electronic records.
• Handle multiple responsibilities, including operating a telephone system, sorting incoming
mail and deliveries Process check invoices.
• Understand and apply ordinances, regulations, and policies related to licenses and
permits.
• Attend meetings, collaborate with staff, and contribute to departmental goals.
Education and Experience:
Any combination of experience and education that would provide the required knowledge and
abilities is qualifying. A typical way to obtain knowledge and abilities would be:
• One (1) year of experience performing standard clerical duties including public contact.
• Graduation from high school or equivalent.
Licenses and Certifications: n/a
PHYSICAL DEMANDS & ENVIRONMENTAL ELEMENTS
The following conditions represent the requirements an employee must meet to successfully
perform the essential functions of this job. Reasonable accommodation may be provided to
support individuals with disabilities in fulfilling these duties.
Must possess mobility to work in a standard office setting and use standard office equipment,
including a computer; vision to read printed materials and a computer screen; and hearing and
speech to communicate in person and over the telephone. This is primarily a sedentary office
classification although standing and walking between work areas may be required. Finger
dexterity is needed to access, enter, and retrieve data using a computer keyboard, typewriter
keyboard, or calculator and to operate standard office equipment. Positions in this classification
occasionally bend, stoop, kneel, reach, push, and pull drawers open and closed to retrieve and
file information. Employees must possess the ability to lift, carry, push, and pull materials and
objects up to 25 pounds.
Employees work in an office environment with moderate noise levels, controlled temperature
conditions, and no direct exposure to hazardous physical substances.
C-2
CLASS SPECIFICATION
DATE: TBD
FLSA: NON-EXEMPT
JOB CLASS: TBD
Class Specification: Open Space & Trails Supervisor 1 of 3
OPEN SPACE AND TRAILS COORDINATOR
DEFINITION AND CLASS CHARACTERISTICS
Under general supervision, coordinates, implements, and evaluates maintenance needs for the
City’s open space and trails areas including the Palos Verdes Nature Preserve, trails, beaches,
and associated parking and access areas; patrols the City’s open space areas to perform open
space operational duties and public education. The Open Space and Trails Coordinator
coordinates and directs the maintenance, operational duties, and public education performed by
the part-time Open Space and Trails Workers and Open Space and Trails Crew Leads.
SUPERVISION RECEIVED AND EXERCISED
Receives general supervision from the Open Space and Trails Supervisor. Coordinates and
directs the work performed by part-time Open Space and Trails staff, does not exercise
supervision.
EXAMPLES OF TYPICAL JOB FUNCTIONS
The examples provided illustrate the general scope of the position and are not exhaustive. The
City reserves the right to adjust job responsibilities as needed to meet operational requirements,
including adding, modifying, or removing functions:
• Coordination
o Coordinates and directs the work of the part-time Open Space and Trails Wokers and
Open Space and Trails Crew Leads
o Coordinates and identifies trainings for Open Space and Trails staff, including safety,
technical, maintenance, interpretive, and other trainings.
o Coordinates with Park Rangers on open space maintenance, operational, and public
education needs.
o Coordinates with the City’s public safety and natural resource management agencies
in the management of the City’s open space areas.
• Maintenance
o Coordinates, plans, organizes, implements, and assists with maintenance of the City’s
open space areas and associated parking and access areas; including litter
abatement, vegetation management, trail building and repair, erosion control, and
inspections.
o Operates gas-powered and powered landscaping and maintenance tools and
equipment, including power tools and mowers, for facility upkeep.
o Inventories, maintains, issues, and collects open space and recreation tools,
equipment, supplies, and fleet.
o Maintains accurate logs and records of work performed and materials and equipment
used.
·
• Safety
D-1
Class Specification: Open Space & Trails Coordinator 2 of 3
o Ensures facilities and work areas are clean, orderly, and secure; and closes and
secures facilities after use.
o Conducts regular safety inspections of open space facilities.
o Identifies and coordinates safety and related trainings for Open Space and Trails
staff.
o Coordinates maintenance and inventory of Open Space and Trails Division tools,
equipment, and fleet.
• Patrols Open Space and Park Areas
o Patrols and coordinates the patrol of Open Space and Trails staff in open space
areas. Patrols are conducted by foot and vehicle to provide public service and public
education.
o Monitors facility use by the public, ensuring safety and adherence to rules and
regulations.
o Coordinates with Park Rangers on open space operations and public interaction and
education.
• Facility Management
o Conducts and coordinates the operational duties within the City’s open space areas,
including facility openings, closures, and inspections.
o Collects fees (if applicable), and staffs facilities.
o Performs office duties such as cashiering, answering phones, greeting patrons, data
entry, copying, filing, updating and maintaining databases, and writing and preparing
reports.
o Inventories and requisitions materials and equipment.
o Uses various facility maintenance, reservation, and operations software programs.
o Resolves facility operations, maintenance, and customer service issues within
established guidelines and suggests improvements.
o Provides training and guidance to new and existing employees.
• Customer Service
o Acts as a City representative, addressing public inquiries and concerns regarding
open space and recreation programs, activities, and services in person, over the
phone, and in writing.
o Educational/Interpretive Programming
o Leads and conducts open space and recreation activities in the City’s open space
areas, and occasionally parks.
o Assists in planning and organizing community events, programs, and facility rentals,
including setup and takedown of equipment.
o Develops program flyers, brochures, and registration forms.
• Performs other related duties as assigned.
QUALIFICATIONS
Knowledge of:
• Safety principles and practices, including basic first aid and CPR methods
• Safety precautions and procedures related to open space, trails, and facility
maintenance
D-2
Class Specification: Open Space & Trails Coordinator 3 of 3
• Safe work practices, including safe operation of handheld tools, power tools, and
vehicles
• Standard office practices, including the use of office equipment, record-keeping,
arithmetic, and computer and software applications.
• Cash handling procedures and basic customer service techniques
Ability to:
• Work independently and coordinate the work of Open Space and Trails Crew staff
• Provide excellent customer service and represent the City positively in all public
interactions
• Interact with diverse individuals and groups
• Effectively communicate in English in writing and verbally.
• Handle medical emergencies calmly, including performing basic first aid and CPR,
• Learn and apply facility use policies and procedures
• Adapt to changing responsibilities
• Follow safe work practices and use appropriate safety equipment
• Operate modern office equipment and software, make accurate arithmetic calculations,
and perform routine equipment maintenance
• Organize tasks, set priorities, and meet deadlines
Education and Experience:
Any combination of training and experience that would provide the required knowledge, skills
and abilities is qualifying. A typical way to obtain the required qualifications would be:
• Bachelor’s degree in an open space management or related field or one year of
experience coordinating open space management and operations.
• Experience coordinating work groups is highly desirable.
Licenses and Certifications:
Must obtain American Red Cross First Aid Certificate and CPR Certificate for infant, child, and
adult within 30 days of employment
PHYSICAL DEMANDS & ENVIRONMENTAL ELEMENTS
This position requires occasional bending, stooping, kneeling, reaching, climbing, and walking
on uneven surfaces during open space and recreational activities. Physical stamina is needed
to operate landscaping and power tools, lift and move facility structures, vegetation, and
equipment; and to handle materials and objects weighing up to 75 pounds.
Employees work both indoors and in open space areas and may be exposed to loud noise,
extreme temperatures, wind, and wet conditions. Interaction with upset individuals, including
staff and the public, may occur when interpreting and enforcing departmental policies and
procedures.
The position works a variable schedule including days, evenings, weekends, and holidays.
D-3