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CC SR 20200804 F - Ratification of Local Emergency Directive for TSUPs CITY COUNCIL MEETING DATE: 08/04/2020 AGENDA REPORT AGENDA HEADING: Consent Calendar AGENDA TITLE: Consideration and possible action to ratify a Local Emergency Directive by the Emergency Services Director to allow limited outdoor operations on sidewalks and parking lots for restaurant dining, fitness facilities, and personal care services. RECOMMENDED COUNCIL ACTION: (1) Adopt Resolution No. 2020-__. A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF RANCHO PALOS VERDES RATIFYING A LOCAL EMERGENCY DIRECTIVE BY THE EMERGENCY SERVICES DIRECTOR TO ALLOW LIMITED OUTDOOR OPERATIONS ON SIDEWALKS AND PARKING LOTS FOR RESTAURANT DINING, FITNESS FACILITIES, AND PERSONAL CARE SERVICES FISCAL IMPACT: None Amount Budgeted: N/A Additional Appropriation: N/A Account Number(s): N/A ORIGINATED BY: Ken Rukavina, PE, Director of Community Development REVIEWED BY: Karina Bañales, Deputy City Manager APPROVED BY: Ara Mihranian, AICP, City Manager ATTACHED SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS: A. Draft Resolution No. 2020-__ (page A-1) B. Local Emergency Directive (page B-1) C. Temporary Special Use Permit (page C-1) BACKGROUND AND DISCUSSION: On March 17, 2020, the City Council of the City of Rancho Palos Verdes adopted Resolution No. 2020-11, proclaiming a declaration of local emergency due to the rising concerns of the COVID-19 pandemic and local outbreak of the virus. On March 19, based on orders issued by the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health (Public Health) responding to COVID-19, many of the City’s businesses shut down (except in some limited capacity) for a few months. As a result, businesses lost a great deal of revenue, which directly affected the City. 1 In May, Public Health officials began to relax the stay-at-home orders allowing certain sectors to reopen with safety protocols. Although most businesses had previously been allowed to re-open for modified indoor use during the COVID-19 crisis, the number of infections and hospitalizations spiked in Los Angeles County. In response to this rise in infections, on July 13, the State of California required that counties on the County Monitoring List (including Los Angeles County) once again shut down certain businesses unless they can be modified to operate outside or by pi ckup, including: • Fitness centers • Worship services • Offices for non-essential sectors • Personal care services, such as nail salons, massage, and tattoo parlors • Hair salons and barbershops • Indoor malls In response to the state requirements, Public Health modified its order (found here) on July 14 to limit uses for these sectors to outdoor operations only, noting that the indoor portions of these businesses must be closed to the public until further notice. The COVID-19 crisis has created a severe hardship for our local business community and the City recognizes that businesses are eager to reopen for indoor use as quickly as possible, but are faced with accommodating physical distancing and limited services. As provided by the declaration of local emergency, the City Manager, in his capacity as Emergency Services Director, has the authority to issue directives as deemed necessary for the protection of the public health, provided the City Council confirms such directives as soon as practicable. Therefore, during this public health emergency, and to allow businesses that can accommodate outdoor operations to operate at limited capacity, the Emergency Services Director has issued a Local Emergency Directive to allow limited outdoor operations on sidewalks and parking lots for:  Restaurants  Fitness centers  Personal care services, such as nail salons, massage, and tattoo parlors  Hair salons and barbershops This directive paves the way for these businesses to serve customers and increase their revenue at a time when economic recovery is critically important. To accommodate outdoor operations for the listed businesses, Staff has developed a Temporary Special Use Permit (TSUP) application process to authorize expansion of operations into sidewalks and parking areas in order to provide additional space where customers can be served in compliance with the orders and guidelines of both the State of California and the County of Los Angeles and other applicable orders to protect health and safety. TSUPs will be made available for businesses under these modified emergency orders in compliance with the City’s Special Use Permit process established in the City’s Zoning 2 Code. Per the City’s regulations, and to address the COVID-19 specificity of TSUP requests, the following are applicable related to TSUPs:  The expanded space will allow for up to the same capacity of tables/patrons in an outdoor area as currently exists within the interior space of the business, while maintaining the L.A. County reopening protocol.  Businesses may use a portion of their parking lot for the temporary use. Any parking area not utilized shall remain available for parking use for the site, where safe and feasible, with some temporary physical and visual barriers separating patrons from vehicles as determined necessary, as approved by the Fire Department.  All components of the temporary use area shall be removable and no permanent structures, or structures which would otherwise require a building permit, will be allowed.  After the TSUP has expired, the site is expected to be returned to the operating conditions for the site prior to the COVID-19 public health emergency.  TSUP regulations require that the operation of the requested temporary use shall have no adverse effect on abutting properties.  To address the concern of noise effects, the TSUP area will have limited operating hours.  Property owners will be required to authorize the issuance of a TSUP to their tenants.  TSUPs will be issued for the duration of the local emergency declaration that is based on a public health emergency due to COVID-19. A TSUP will be processed administratively without a filing fee, public notification, or appeal process that is typically required for a standard Special Use Permit. A condition on the TSUP would be compliance with federal, state, and L.A. County rules. There may be evolving issues that need to be addressed as the state, L.A. County, and Rancho Palos Verdes each move through the various recovery phases. As those issues arise, procedures may be modified to address unforeseen circumstances. Adoption of Resolution No. 2020-__ will ratify the issuance of the Local Emergency Directive by the Emergency Services Director, allowing limited outdoor operations on sidewalks and parking lots for restaurant dining, fitness facilities, and personal care services. Staff therefore recommends the City Council adopt the resolution to enable these businesses to modify their operations outdoors. ALTERNATIVES: In addition to the Staff recommendation, the following alternative actions are available for the City Council’s consideration: 1) Do not adopt the attached resolution and provide Staff with direction for consideration at a future meeting. 2) Take other action, as deemed appropriate. 3 01203.0005/660593.1 RESOLUTION NO. 2020-__ A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF RANCHO PALOS VERDES RATIFYING A LOCAL EMERGENCY DIRECTIVE BY THE EMERGENCY SERVICES DIRECTORTO ALLOW LIMITED OUTDOOR OPERATIONS ON SIDEWALKS AND PARKING LOTS FOR RESTAURANT DINING, FITNESS FACILITIES, AND PERSONAL CARE SERVICES WHEREAS, in December, 2019, an outbreak of respiratory illness due to a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan City, Hubei, Province, China; and, WHEREAS, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) considers COVID-19 to be a very serious public health threat with outcomes ranging from very mild (including some with no reported symptoms) to severe, including illness resulting in death; and, WHEREAS, according to the CDC, there is no vaccine to prevent COVID-19 and there is no specific antiviral treatment recommended for COVID-19 at this time; and, WHEREAS, on January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern over the global spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19); and, WHEREAS, on January 31, 2020, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Alex M. Azar II declared a Public Health Emergency for the United States to aid the nation’s healthcare community in responding to COVID-19; and, WHEREAS, the California Department of Public Health has activated its Medical and Health Coordination Center, and the Office of Emergency Services recently activated the State Operations Center to provide support and guide actions to preserve public health; and, WHEREAS, on March 4, 2020, Governor Gavin Newsom declared a State of Emergency for the State of California; and, WHEREAS, on March 4, 2020, the County of Los Angeles declared a Local Health Emergency in response to increased spread of COVID-19; and, WHEREAS, on March 11, 2020, the WHO characterized COVID -19 as a “pandemic”; and, WHEREAS, on March 12, 2020, Governor Newsom issued Executive Order N-25- 20 regarding COVID-19; and, A-1 WHEREAS, on March 13, 2020, President Trump declared a National State of Emergency in response to increased spread of COVID-19; and, WHEREAS, on March 17, 2020, the City Council of the City of Rancho Palos Verdes proclaimed a declaration of local emergency due to the rising concerns of the COVID-19 pandemic and local outbreak of the virus; and, WHEREAS, on March 19, 2020, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health issued Safer At Home orders closing non-essential businesses and allowing restaurants to offer take-out services only; and, WHEREAS, in May 2020, Los Angeles County Public Health officials began to relax the Safer At Home orders allowing certain sectors to reopen with safety protocols; however, due to the number of infections and hospitalizations spiking in Los Angeles County, most businesses that had previously been allowed to re-open for modified indoor use during the COVID-19 crisis were required to once again close following revised orders issued by Public Health on July 14, 2020, unless they can be modified to operate outside or by pickup; and, WHEREAS, the COVID-19 crisis has created a severe hardship for our local business community and the City recognizes that businesses are eager to re-open for indoor use as quickly as possible, but are faced with accommodating social distancing and limited services; and, WHEREAS, for these businesses to serve customers and increase their revenue at a time when economic recovery is critically important, the Director of Emergency Services issued a local emergency directive allowing limited outdoor operations on sidewalks and parking lots for restaurant dining, fitness facilities, and personal care services; and, WHEREAS, the City Council now wishes to ratify the Director of Emergency Services’ directive. NOW , THEREFORE, THE RANCHO PALOS VERDES CITY COUNCIL HEREBY RESOLVES, AS FOLLOWS: SECTION 1. The recitals above are true and correct and material to the adoption of this resolution, and are incorporated herein by reference. SECTION 2. The COVID-19 crisis has created a severe hardship for our local business community and the City recognizes that businesses are eager to re -open for indoor use as quickly as possible, but are faced with accommodating social distancing and limited services. SECTION 3. The aforementioned conditions of severe hardship for our local business community warrant and necessitate the proclamation of a local emergency A-2 directive by the City, as a means for these businesses to serve customers and increase their revenue at a time when economic recovery is critically important, by allowing limited outdoor operations on sidewalks and parking lots for restaurant dining, fitness facilities, and personal care services. SECTION 4. During the existence of such local emergency, the powers, functions, and duties of the City Manager as Director of Emergency Services and the Disaster Council of this City shall be those prescribed by State Law, Cha pter 2.24 of the Rancho Palos Verdes Municipal Code, and ordinances and resolutions of this City, and approved plans of the City in order to mitigate the effects of the local emergency. SECTION 5. In addition to the powers, functions, and duties already prescribed above, the Council desires to make clear the powers, functions, and duties include: (a) As necessary for the public health, life, and property, entering into contracts to arrange for the procurement of materials, goods, and services needed to assist in preparing for, containing, responding to, mitigating the effects of, and recovering from the spread of COVID-19. (b) Applicable provisions of the Government Code and the Public Contract Code, including but not limited to travel, advertising, an d competitive bidding requirements, as well as any City procurement or related policy, are suspended to the extent reasonably necessary to address the effects of COVID-19. (c) The Emergency Services Director is expressly authorized to assist with any lawful order, including the enforcement of an order of quarantine or curfew, as well as ordering potentially ill City employees to leave the workplace, authorizing certain City employees to work remotely, taking steps to limit non-essential contact by City employees, etc., to address the effects of COVID-19. (d) The Emergency Services Director is expressly authorized at his or her discretion to invoke force majeure clause on any City agreements or obligations, to the extent reasonably necessary to address the effects of COVID-19.” SECTION 6. The City Council does hereby authorize limited outdoor operations on sidewalks and parking lots for restaurant dining, fitness facilities, and personal care services; and hereby ratifies the Local Emergency Directive issued on July 27, 2020, by the City Manager acting as Director of Emergency Services for this purpose.The directive is attached as Exhibit “A” and incorporated by reference. SECTION 7. This directive shall expire 15 days after the earlier of the lifting of the indoor operation restrictions found in the Reopening Safer at Work and in the Community for Control of Covid-19 order or the local state of emergency, unless revoked sooner. SECTION 8. This Resolution shall take effect immediately. A-3 SECTION 6. The City Clerk shall certify to the passage and adoption of this resolution. PASSED, APPROVED and ADOPTED on this 4th day of August 2020. ___________________ John Cruikshank, Mayor Attest: ___________________________ Emily Colborn, City Clerk State of California ) County of Los Angeles ) ss City of Rancho Palos Verdes ) I, Emily Colborn, City Clerk of the City of Rancho Palos Verdes, hereby certify that the above Resolution No. 2020-__ was duly and regularly passed and adopted by the said City Council at a regular meeting thereof held on August 4, 2020. ___________________________ Emily Colborn, City Clerk A-4 EXHIBIT “A” LOCAL EMERGENCY DIRECTIVE TO ALLOW LIMITED OUTDOOR OPERATIONS ON SIDEWALKS AND PARKING LOTS FOR RESTAURANT DINING, FITNESS FACILITIES, AND PERSONAL CARE SERVICES A-5 C ITY OF RANCHO PALOS VERDES July 27, 2020 LOCAL EMERGENCY DIRECTIVE TO ALLOW LIMITED OUTDOOR OPERATIONS ON SIDEWALKS AND PARKING LOTS FOR RESTAURANT DINING, FITNESS FACILITIES, AND PERSONAL CARE SERVICES In my capacity as Director of Emergency Services , on March 14, 2020, I activated the City's Emergency Operations Center (EOC} at the lowest level of operation and requested the City Council to proclaim a local emergency due to the public health threat caused by COVID-19. On March 17, 2020, as required by§ 2.24.060(A}(1) of the Rancho Palos Verdes Municipal Code (RPVMC), the City Council adopted Resolution No . 2020-11 proclaiming a declaration of local emergency due to the spread of COVID-19 . As provided by the declaration of local emergency, I have the authority to issue directives as deemed necessary for the protection of the public health, provided the City Council confirms such directives as soon as practicable. Based on orders issued by the Los Angeles Department of Public Health responding to COVID-19 , many of the City's businesses shut down (e xcept in some limited capacity) for a few months. As a result, businesses lost a great deal of revenue which directly affected the City's health, safety, and welfare. In May 2020, Public Health Officials began to rela x the stay-at -home orders allowing certain sectors to reopen with safety protocols . However, as number of infections and hospitalizations have spiked in Los Angeles County, some of the limited openings for businesses are now being rolled back. Specifically, the Los Angeles County Reopening Safer at Work and in the Community for Control of Covid-19 order states that indoor operations at restaurants, wineries, movie theaters, family entertainment, zoos , museums, and cardrooms remain closed while gyms and fitness centers , offices of non -critical sectors, places of worship, personal care services, hair salons, and barbershops, and indoor malls must operate outdoors only. The Reopening Safer at Work and in the Community for Control of Covid-19 order, revised July 14, 2020, may be found here: http ://publi chea lth .lacounty.gov/media/coronav iru s/docs/H00/2020.07.14 HOO Safer%20at% 20 Hom e Cessat ion%20of%201ndoor%200ps.pdf As only essential businesses , such as grocery stores, are now permitted to serve customers indoors, it is in the City's best interest to provide ways for non -essential businesses such as restaurants, gyms and fitness centers, and personal care services to serve customers and increase their revenue at a time when economic recovery is critically important. To that end, expansion of din i ng , and commercial activity areas into sidewalks and parking areas is desirable 01 203 .0001/657892 .8 B-1 as this can provide additional space where customers can be served in compliance with the orders and guidelines of both the State of California and the County of Los Angeles and other applicable orders to protect the health and safety. I therefore authorize the following pursuant to § 2.24.060(A)(6)(a) of the RPVMC, to be confirmed by the City Council within the earliest practicable time: 1. Effective immediately, and for the duration of the local emergency, or for as long as the Reopening Safer at Work and in the Community for Control of Covid-19 order limits indoor operation of non-essential businesses, whichever ends first, temporary permits may be obtained by existing restaurants, fitness facilities, personal care service providers and other businesses for outdoor dining, fitness, personal care or other activities. 2. Restaurants, fitness facilities, personal care and other businesses wishing to temporarily expand their dining or use areas pursuant to Section 1, above, shall be required to obtain a Temporary Special Use Permit under Chapter 17.62 of the RPVMC. 3. Effective immediately, and for the duration of this directive, enforcement of the following provisions of the RPVMC shall be modified as follows: a. A Temporary Special Use Permit application pursuant to this directive shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 17.62, except that approval of the application shall be reviewed ministerially without discretionary approval and no public notification or appeal will be required. b. The property owner or a designated representative shall sign the Temporary Special Use Permit application authorizing the temporary outdoor operation. c. Restaurants, fitness facilities, personal care services and other businesses shall be additionally permitted in designated outdoor spaces, which may include sidewalks and parking lots, provided the use can be accommodated without undue interference with pedestrian and vehicular traffic. d. Enforcement of parking ratios for existing businesses is suspended. e. Perimeter barriers shall not be required for temporary encroachments on sidewalks, but shall be required for temporary encroachments onto parking lots. f. All businesses, including restaurants, that obtain a Temporary Special Use Permit must clear all public areas at closing, and must bring all their furnishings and equipment inside every evening unless approved otherwise by the City. g. All restaurants, fitness facilities, personal care and other businesses issued Temporary Special Use Permits must ensure that the temporary encroachments do not block any exits, handicapped parking spaces, or any other accessibility installations required by the ADA. h. Conditions may be imposed ensuring public health and safety including minimizing adverse impacts to neighboring properties. 4. The Temporary Special Use Permits issued pursuant to this directive shall expire 15 days after the earlier of the lifting of the indoor operation restrictions found in the Reopening Safer at Work and in the Community for Control of Covid-19 order or the 01203.0001/657892.8 B-2 local state of emergency, unless revoked sooner. Upon expiration or revocation of its temporary permit, an establishment shall immediately comply with all applicable provisions of the RPVMC. 5 . A Temporary Special Use Permit issued under this directive may be revoked by the Director of Emergency Services for failure to comply with all applicable RPVMC provisions, or for noncompliance with this directive. 6. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, this directive may be rescinded or amended by the Director of Emergency Services or by the City Council for any reason prior to the lifting of the local state of emergency or the indoor operation restrictions found in the Reopening Safer at Work and in the Community for Control of Covid -19 order. 7 . I hereby reserve the right to issue additional directives as needed. '~--~-' Director of Emergency Services 01203 .0001/657892 .8 B-3 TEMPORARY SPECIAL USE PERMIT The City recognizes that businesses are faced with accommodating social distancing and limited services due to COVID-19 public health orders and closures. During this public health emergency, indoor capacity was effectively eliminated within the current physical indoor footprint of a business. To address this capacity issue, the City may issue Temporary Special Use Permits (TSUPs) to utilize sidewalks, privately-owned parking areas and outdoor spaces of a business’ site to appropriately provide services while accommodating emergency orders related to social distancing and restricted indoor activities. TSUPs will be made available for businesses under modified emergency orders in compliance with the City’s Special Use Permit process established in the City’s Zoning Code. This application package includes a TSUP submittal checklist, application and a listing of operation requirements and limitations associated with the TSUP. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact the City’s Planning Division at (310) 544-5228 or via email at Planning@rpvca.gov. SUBMITTAL CHECKLIST The Temporary Special Use Permit (TSUP) application package is comprised of the following items: 1. Fully completed and signed application for a Temporary Special Use permit 2. Four copies of Site Plan - An 8.5” x 11” site plan showing the following:  All buildings and structures on the site.  Off-street parking spaces, driving aisles, and driveways.  The location and dimensions of the temporary use.  Such other data as may be required to demonstrate that the project meets the criteria. Examples include but are not limited to: o Furniture & Equipment plan – demonstrating that the TSUP would not be to increase the total number of tables/patrons, but rather to provide an outdoor footprint to accommodate existing capacity o Lighting plan o Portable heaters o Show minimum 4’ wide ADA accessible pedestrian path of travel from restaurant, outdoor dining areas, sidewalks and parking areas. 3. Alcohol Beverage Control Approval (if alcohol is served outdoors) 4. COVID19 Re-Opening Form (The Appendix related to your business may be found on the LA County Department of Public Health website at http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/media/Coronavirus/ under the "What You Should Know" section. Click the "Health Officer Order" tab and scroll down to find the Appendix related to the type of business) C-1 2 TEMPORARY SPECIAL USE PERMIT APPLICATION LOCATION BUSINESS LICENSE NUMBER BUSINESS NAME LICENSE EXPIRATION DATE ASSESSOR’S PARCEL NUMBER STREET ADDRESS APPLICANT INFORMATION BUSINESS OWNER & MANAGER APPLICANT NAME BUSINESS OWNER APPLICANT ADDRESS BUSINESS OWNER NAME CITY STATE ZIP CODE PHONE E-MAIL PHONE FAX MANAGER NAME MOBILE E-MAIL (REQUIRED) PHONE E-MAIL PROPERTY OWNER AUTHORIZATION I declare that I am the legal owner of record of the land specified in this application. As the owner, I hereby affirm under penalty of perjury that the foregoing statements, facts and attachments are true and correct. Further, I declare that I fully understand and authorize all actions proposed within this application, and authorize the foregoing applicant or agent to act on my behalf on all matters relating to this applicat ion, including negotiations, discussions and communications with staff from the City of Rancho Palos Verdes. This authorization shall remain valid until invalidated in writing. X X Property Owner Name (Print) Property Owner Signature Date of Signature APPLICANT’S DECLARATION I hereby certify under penalty of perjury that all statements herein are true and correct to the best of my knowledge and I am fully authorized by the property owner to apply for this permit. I understand that any false statements or omissions may result in denial of this permit. I further acknowledge that I agree to fully comply with all regulations set forth by the City of Rancho Palos Verdes as they relate to the issuance o f the Temporary Special Use Permit. X X Applicant Name (Print) Applicant Signature Date of Signature C-2 3 OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND LIMITATIONS  Outdoor dining areas shall be limited to serving and consumption of food and nonalcoholic beverages, unless authorized otherwise by Alcoholic Beverage Control (ABC) with the issuance of COVID -19 Temporary Catering Authorization.  Uses that generate excessive noise such as amplified music are not permitted in the outdoor area.  A clear passage area on walkways, plazas or parking areas, free of all obstructions, shall be maintained at all times to avoid hazardous conditions for pedestrians.  Under no circumstances shall a path of travel be less than four (4) feet wide.  Outdoor dining, fitness and personal care service areas shall be fully accessible for persons with physical disabilities and provide safe passing conditions. Throughout the term of this temporary program, it shall be the business owner’s responsibility to comply with all federal, state, and local laws, including but not limited to Americans with Disability Act.  The outdoor dining, fitness and personal care service area must be located directly adjacent to the establishment.  Any modification to the approved site plan requires submittal of a modified site plan to the Community Development Departments for review  The only permitted furniture within the temporary outdoor service area are tables, chairs, and properly anchored umbrellas, unless specifically approved by the city. Tents, portable heaters or other structures requiring a separate permit are not permitted unless specifically approved by t he City.  The operation and use of the outdoor dining area must comply with all applicable State and local health orders including directives from CAL/OSHA.  A copy of this permit must be kept on site at all times.  The outdoor service area shall not operate beyond the operating hours of the establishment.  No other uses are permitted within the temporary outdoor dining, fitness, and personal service areas; including, but not limited to, live entertainment and dancing.  Outdoor dining, fitness and personal service areas may not encroach into drive aisles.  Outdoor dining, fitness and personal service areas should not be placed on the site in an area that requires employees and patrons to cross active drive aisles to access the establishment.  Furnishings shall not restrict motor vehicle sight lines.  The encroaching furnishings shall not impede entry to the building and must not preclude applicable emergency exit requirements.  All fences and/or enclosures should be of durable material, fire safe, structurally sound, aesthetically pleasing, and shall be easily removable and cannot exceed 3 feet in height.  Fences and furnishing must be maintained in good condition and placed/secured in such a way so as not to impede public safety. Permanently affixed furnishings and fencing are not permitted.  All Fire Department regulations and standards concerning exterior lighting, tents, portable heaters and power shall be met.  Fire Department approval and permits shall be obtained for LPG heaters and open flames, including candles  Term of Permit: This Temporary Special Use Permit is valid for a period not to exceed 60 days from full execution by the City, unless extended in writing by the City; or 15 days from the date that the restrictions pertaining to restaurant operations contained within State and Local Health Orders, as amended, are lifted, whichever occurs sooner  Termination: The City of Rancho Palos Verdes reserves the right to terminate or temporarily suspend this permit at any time, for any reason, including but not limited to noncompliance with the terms and conditions of the permit, or the use threatens the public health, safety, and welfare, such as storm events, crowds in excess of permitted capacity, construction, and modifications to the Statewide Declaration of Public Health Emergency. _______________________________________________________ ______________ Signature of business operator acknowledging the above requirements and limitations. Date C-3