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CC SR 20180515 F - AQMD Letter RE Hydrofluoric AcidRANCHO PALOS VERDES CITY COUNCIL MEETING DATE: 05/15/2018 AGENDA REPORT AGENDA HEADING: Consent Calendar AGENDA DESCRIPTION: Consideration and possible action to send a letter to the South Coast Air Quality Management District (AQMD) regarding the use of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and modified hydrofluoric acid (MHF) at refineries in Torrance and Wilmington RECOMMENDED COUNCIL ACTION: (1) Authorize the Mayor to sign a letter to the AQMD supporting rulemaking to phase out the use of HF and MHF at South Bay refineries. FISCAL IMPACT: None Amount Budgeted: N/A Additional Appropriation: N/A Account Number(s): N/A ORIGINATED BY: Kit Fox, AICP, Senior Administrative Analyst REVIEWED BY: Gabriella Yap, Deputy City Manager APPROVED BY: Doug Willmore, City Manager ATTACHED SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS: A. Draft letter to AQMD (page A-1) B. April 28th AQMD Refinery Committee agenda (page B-1) C. Daily Breeze article regarding April 28th meeting (page C-1) BACKGROUND AND DISCUSSION: At the City Council meeting on April 17, 2018, Councilmember Alegria asked for an item to be placed on a future agenda to consider sending a letter to the South Coast Air Quality Management District (AQMD) regarding the use of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and modified hydrofluoric acid (MHF) at refineries in Torrance and Wilmington. A similar request had been previously made by Mr. Roger Schamp at recent City Council meetings as public comments regarding non-agenda items. HF is a chemical compound used in petroleum alkylation, which is a process involved in the refining of high-octane gasoline. Upon contact with moisture, HF converts to hydrofluoric acid, which is highly corrosive and toxic. Adverse impacts from HF release include severe damage to skin, respiratory system, and bones; and severe irritation to the eyes, skin and nasal passages. Upon release, the acid vaporizes and forms a toxic cloud that can travel close to the ground with potentially lethal concentrations. The 1 Torrance and Wilmington refineries are the only two within AQMD’s jurisdiction that use HF for petroleum alkylation; other refineries in the South Coast air basin use sulfuric acid in their alkylation units. In 1991, AQMD Governing Board adopted Rule 1410 to phase out HF by January 1, 1998 with interim control measures. Ultramar Refinery (Valero) filed a lawsuit challenging AQMD’s authority to adopt the rule and compliance with CEQA. The courts upheld AQMD’s authority to adopt the rule, but the rule was invalidated due to a procedural error in circulating the CEQA document. AQMD did not pursue Rule 1410 further because the then-ExxonMobil refinery in Torrance entered into a consent decree that required HF to be the phased out by 1997, but permitted the continued use of MHF through December 1994 only if it could be demonstrated that it would not form a dense vapor cloud upon release. AQMD subsequently signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with the Ultramar Refinery in Wilmington to phase out the use of pure HF by 2005. According to background information on the AQMD website, Torrance Refining Company, LLC is one of six large refineries in AQMD’s jurisdiction. The refinery is subject to numerous AQMD rules and regulations pertaining to refining operations and equipment. Located at 3700 W. 190th St. in Torrance and covering 750 acres, it refines gasoline, diesel fuel, aviation fuels, liquefied petroleum gases, coke and sulfur. In February 2015, a large explosion in an air pollution control device ejected heavy metal parts, narrowly missing a unit that contains highly-toxic modified hydrofluoric acid (MHF). As a result of air pollution violations during the explosion and subsequent restart of the refinery, then-owner ExxonMobil paid a $5.5 million penalty to AQMD, of which $2.77 million has been committed to fund community benefit projects. In 2016, AQMD released a request for proposals (RFP) and hosted a community meeting on the use of the settlement monies for projects that provide public health and quality of life improvements. New Jersey-based PBF Energy purchased the refinery and took over operations on July 1, 2016. In 2016, the refinery experienced several power cuts and, as a result, conducted unplanned flaring. In February 2017, PBF agreed to an administrative order by the independent AQMD Hearing Board requiring the facility to improve power reliability and reduce air pollution from power-related flaring incidents. The Hearing Board will maintain jurisdiction over the order until all its requirements are completed. While the refinery must meet specific milestones and deadlines under the order, the overall effort will take several years to complete. As a result of the recent series of incidents at the Torrance refinery, AQMD’s Refinery Committee held an investigative hearing in April 2017 to gather information about refinery safety and operations from experts and regulators, as well as feedback from community groups and residents. After a series of working group meetings were conducted in 2017, the Committee held public meetings on January 20, 2018, and April 28, 2018 (Attachment B). 2 During this same period, opponents of the use of HF and MHF in South Bay refineries— mostly notably, the Torrance Refinery Action Alliance—mobilized to urge AQMD to phase out the use of these chemicals. Letters opposing the continued use of HF and MHF have been submitted to AQMD by the cities of Hermosa Beach, Manhattan Beach and Redondo Beach; by some individual city councilmembers from Torrance and Carson; and the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, among others. The focus of the efforts of the Refinery Committee has been to reach consensus between the refiners and the surrounding communities to amend Rule 1410 to phase out the use of HF and MHF at the Torrance and Wilmington refineries. Early drafts of Rule 1410 suggested that it would be completely phase out within 8 years, with more recent drafts of the rule suggesting that the use of HF and MHF be phased out in 5-6 years. The refinery operators are opposed to any phasing out of the use of HF and MHF. At the conclusion of the recent Refinery Committee meeting (Attachment C), it was the Committee’s consensus to stop short of recommending a ban on HF and MHF, and to direct its staff to further research additives that could reduce the risk of creating a toxic gas cloud during an accidental release. The Committee expects to receive this report back in 90 days, after which it may make a formal recommendation to the AQMD Governing Board. The closest portions of Rancho Palos Verdes to the Torrance refinery are generally upwind, roughly 6 miles to the south and at a higher elevation than the refinery. The refinery in Wilmington is located roughly 5 miles from the City boundary, and also generally upwind and at a higher elevation. As such, the direct effects of an accidental release of HF or MHF at either refinery upon the City should be limited. However, as the City Council has previously expressed regarding the Rancho LPG butane storage facility in San Pedro, it is in the best interest the public health, safety and general welfare for industrial land uses to avoid storing or using highly dangerous or toxic substances in close proximity to residential neighborhoods. Therefore, Staff has prepared a draft letter to the AQMD in support of the adoption of rules to that minimize the exposure of the public to the hazards associated with HF and MHF (Attachment A). ALTERNATIVES: In addition to the Staff recommendation, the following alternative action is available for the City Council’s consideration: 1. Do not authorize the Mayor to sign a letter to the AQMD regarding the use of HF and MHF at South Bay refineries. 3 May 15, 2018 Dr. Clark E. Parker, Sr., Chair, Refinery Committee South Coast Air Quality Management Governing Board 21865 Copley Dr. Diamond Bar, CA 91765 SUBJECT: Support for Proposed Rule 1410 Dear Chair Parker and Members of the Refinery Committee: On behalf of the Rancho Palos Verdes City Council, I want to take this opportunity to urge the Refinery Committee to recommend that the South Coast Air Quality Management District Governing Board take timely and decisive action to phase out the use of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and modified hydrofluoric acid (MHF) at the South Bay refineries located in Torrance and Wilmington. As you know, these are the only refineries within the District’s jurisdiction that continue to use these highly-toxic chemicals in their petroleum alkylation processes. We understand that the District originally promulgated Rule 1410 in 1991 to phase out HF by January 1, 1998, with interim control measures. As a result of legal challenges brought by the refineries, the courts eventually upheld the District’s authority to adopt Rule 1410, but it is was invalidated due to a procedural error in circulating the CEQA document. Although the operators of both refineries eventually reached agreements with the District to phase out HF by the late 1990s to early 2000s, neither refinery has yet met its obligations under these agreements to discontinue the use of these chemicals. In light of the narrowly-averted disaster at the Torrance refinery in February 2015, we believe it is high time for the District to exert its legal authority to adopt Proposed Rule 1410 to phase out the use and storage of HF and MHF at these refineries. We believe that this can be accomplished in a manner that protects the health and safety of surrounding residents and communities, protects the safety and livelihoods of refinery workers, protects the motoring public from unreasonable increases in motor vehicle fuel prices, and protects the investments of the refinery operators. Sincerely, Susan M. Brooks Mayor cc: Refinery Committee Members Rancho Palos Verdes City Council Doug Willmore, City Manager Gabriella Yap, Deputy City Manager Kit Fox, AICP, Senior Administrative Analyst A-1 DR A F T NOTICE OF THE SCAQMD REFINERY COMMITTEE MEETING REFINERY COMMITTEE: Dr. Clark E. Parker, Sr., Chair Mayor Larry McCallon, Vice Chair Mayor Ben Benoit Dr. Joseph K. Lyou Mayor Pro Tem Judith Mitchell Dr. William A. Burke, Ad Hoc Member Saturday, April 28, 2018 – 9:00 a.m. Torrance City Council Chambers 3031 Torrance Boulevard Torrance, CA 90503 AGENDA Items are expected to be completed in the order listed below. However, items may be taken in any order. 1. Welcome / Opening Remarks Dr. Clark E. Parker, Sr. Committee Chair 2. Introduction Wayne Nastri Executive Officer 3. Staff Presentation – Status Update of PR1410 Dr. Philip M. Fine Deputy Executive Officer Planning and Rules 4. Health Effects from Exposure to Sulfuric Acid and Hydrofluoric Acid (HF) Dr. Craig A. Merlic Professor Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry UCLA B-1 5. Elected Officials (3 minutes each) 6. Refineries TORC Valero (10 minutes each) 7. TRAA Presentation Dr. Sally Hayati President (10 minutes) 8. Union Representatives (10 minutes) 9. Public Comments Members of the public may address the Committee concerning any agenda item before or during consideration of that item (Govt. Code Section 54954.3). Speakers may be limited to one (1) minute each. The agenda for this meeting is posted at SCAQMD Headquarters, 21865 Copley Drive, Diamond Bar, CA, and Torrance City Council Chambers at 3031 Torrance Boulevard, Torrance, CA, at least 72 hours in advance of the meeting. At the end of the agenda, an opportunity is provided for public comment on matters within the Committee’s authority. (1 minute each) 10. Refinery Committee Discussion Committee Members 11. Closing Remarks Committee Members Adjournment Document Availability All documents (i) constituting non-exempt public records, (ii) relating to an item on the agenda, and (iii) having been distributed to at least a majority of the Committee after the agenda is posted, are available prior to the meeting for public review at the South Coast Air Quality Management District Public Information Center, 21865 Copley Drive, Diamond Bar, CA 91765, and will also be available at the meeting site on the day of the meeting. Americans with Disabilities Act The agenda and documents in the agenda packet will be made available, upon request, in appropriate alternative formats to assist persons with a disability [Govt. Code Section 54954.2(a)]. Disability-related accommodations will also be made available to allow participation in the meeting. Any accommodations must be requested as soon as practicable. Requests will be accommodated to the extent feasible. Please contact Denny Shaw at 909- 396-2386 from 7 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Tuesday through Friday, or send the request to dshaw@aqmd.gov. - 2 - B-2 SCAQMD REFINERY COMMITTEE April 28, 2018 Torrance, California Status Update on PR1410 – Hydrogen Fluoride Storage and Use at Petroleum Refineries B-3 SUMMARY OF JANUARY 20 TH 2018 REFINERY COMMITTEE MEETING •SCAQMD staff presented initial rule concepts •Approximately 100 speakers testified with almost an equal number of people supporting or opposing a ban of MHF •Refinery Committee direction to staff: Return to the Refinery Committee in 90 days Work with key stakeholders to reach consensus 8 year implementation timeframe is too long If consensus cannot be reached, the Refinery Committee will direct staff on how to proceed 2 B-4 SCAQMD MEETINGS SINCE THE LAST REFINERY COMMITTEE 3 Torrance Refining Company (TORC) SCAQMD staff February 7, 2018 SCAQMD technical staff March 7, 2018 SCAQMD staff April 5, 2018 Valero SCAQMD staff February 1, 2018 SCAQMD staff March 8, 2018 Dr. Parker and SCAQMD staff April 4, 2018 Torrance Refinery Action Alliance SCAQMD staff March 23, 2018 Dr. Parker and SCAQMD staff April 4, 2018 B-5 SUMMARY OF STAFF’S INITIAL RULE CONCEPT Rule Adoption 1 Year 2-3 Years 8 Years Tier III Mitigation Tier I Mitigation Tier II Mitigation Enhancements to Existing Mitigation Automated Mitigation and Increased Monitoring “Fail-Safe” Mitigation - Containment Phase-Out of MHF 8 Years B-6 Cannot Support REFINERIES’ RESPONSE TO INITIAL RULE CONCEPT Rule Adoption Tier III Mitigation “Fail-Safe” Mitigation - Containment Phase-Out of MHF Tier II Mitigation Tier III Mitigation “Fail-Safe” Mitigation - Containment Phase-Out of MHF Automated Mitigation and Increased Monitoring Support Concepts for Tier I and II Mitigation and Timeframe Tier II+ Mitigation Automated Mitigation, Increased Monitoring and Elements of Tier III Mitigation Enhancements to Existing Mitigation Tier I Mitigation 2-3 Years 1 Year 8 Years 8 Years B-7 Cannot Support Support Phase-out of MHF in 4 years TRAA’S RESPONSE TO INITIAL RULE CONCEPT Rule Adoption Tier I Mitigation Tier II Mitigation Enhancements to Existing Mitigation Automated Mitigation and Increased Monitoring Tier III Mitigation “Fail-Safe” Mitigation - Containment 1 Year 2-3 Years 8 Years 8 Years Tier III Mitigation Phase-Out of MHF “Fail-Safe” Mitigation - Containment Phase-Out of MHF 4 Years B-8 KEY ISSUE #1 REFINERIES ASSERT THEY CANNOT CONVERT TO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES BECAUSE THEY ARE NOT COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE AND PROVEN RESPONSE: 7 •Sulfuric acid alkylation is commercially available •Further demonstration of emerging technologies at scale is desirable •Proposed Rule 1410 can include phase-out with: •Technology assessment •Participation of refineries in demonstration projects B-9 STATUS OF TECHNOLOGIES •Sulfuric acid alkylation currently available •Approximately 50 refineries in the nation use sulfuric acid alkylation units •With the exception of TORC and Valero, all other California refineries use sulfuric acid •Valero’s refineries in Louisiana and Texas are completing installation of new sulfuric acid alkylation units •Emerging technologies •Solid acid catalyst alkylation being used at a petrochemical plant in China – Application is 2,700 bpd in 2015 •Ionic liquid catalyst at Chevron Salt Lake City refinery in Utah – 5,000 bpd HF Alkylation conversion 2017 to 2020 8 B-10 KEY ISSUE #2 REFINERIES CANNOT SUPPORT A PHASE-OUT BECAUSE CONVERSION TO SULFURIC ACID WILL NOT GENERATE ANY RETURN ON INVESTMENT RESPONSE: 9 •In addition to capital and operating costs, the decision to phase-out MHF should consider public safety and health effects •Difficult to quantify the financial impact of the risk associated with an off-site release of MHF •TORC’s Burns and McDonnell study1 estimated the conversion cost of a sulfuric acid alkylation unit of $600 million with an additional $300 million for acid regeneration 1 Burns and McDonnell - Alkylation Study & Estimate, 2017 B-11 SULFURIC ACID ALKYLATION COST ESTIMATES •Burns & McDonnell estimate included alkylation unit and post processing equipment Estimated Cost: $600 Million •SCAQMD staff and Norton Engineering agree post processing replacement not needed for conversion Estimated Cost: $300 Million Post Processing Alkylation Unit •Installation at Valero more challenging than TORC due to space constraints B-12 POTENTIAL BENEFIT OF NEW TAX CUT AND JOBS ACT •New Tax Cut and Jobs Act – “full expensing” provision allows the deduction of 100% cost of investments from taxable income in every year for up to five years •Estimated cost of sulfuric acid alkylation approximately $300 million dollars – Amortized over 5 years: •TORC’s most recent turnaround cost was more than $250 million – Extraordinary turnaround that included the majority of its refinery process units 11 Millions of Dollars Capital Expenses Tax Savings Annual Average ~$70 ~$15 Five-Year Total ~$350 ~$75 B-13 •Any impacts would be temporary •Can incorporate a staggered implementation schedule to reduce supply impacts, if any •Planned phase-out is different than an unplanned shutdown – less disruptive •Refineries can stockpile or purchase alkylate to minimize downtime •Future California gasoline demand projected to decrease1 minimizing potential supply impacts, if any KEY ISSUE #3 A RULE THAT AFFECTS ONLY 2 REFINERIES GIVES A MARKET ADVANTAGE TO THE OTHER REFINERIES AND WILL INCREASE GASOLINE PRICES RESPONSE: 12 1 California Energy Commission, Transportation Energy Demand Forecast 2018-2030, November 2017 California Energy Commission Gasoline Demand for Light-Duty Vehicles1 B-14 ACCIDENTS HAPPEN •“Near-miss” accident at Exxon Mobil in 20151 40 ton piece of electrostatic precipitator landed within 5 feet of the MHF acid settler •Sulfuric acid alkylation accident at Tesoro Martinez in 20142 Released 84,000 pounds of sulfuric acid injured two employees •HF Release at Marathon Petroleum Corporation, Texas City in 19873 Vapors emitted under pressure for over 2 hours More than 1,000 people injured •Explosion at Valero Texas City April 19, 20184 Early reports stated fire erupted in refinery's depropanizer tower Uncertain at this time if HF was released from alkylation unit 13 MHF Acid Settlers 40 Ton Debris 1 Chemical Safety Board - ExxonMobil Torrance Refinery Investigation Report, 2017 2 Chemical Safety Board - Tesoro Martinez Refinery Process Safety Culture Case Study, 2016 3 Texas City Journal; Where a Chemical Leak Seems an Acceptable Risk, 1987 4 San Antonio Business Journal; Fire at Valero's Texas City Refinery Remains Under Investigation, 2018 Exxon Mobil Refinery B-15 TOP THREE U.S. REFINERIES USING HF/MHF ALKYLATION IN DENSELY POPULATED AREAS Alkylate: 26,500 BPD 298,000 People within 3 Miles Nearest Residence ~3,200 Feet Alkylate: 25,500 BPD 245,000 People within 3 Miles Nearest Residence 1,500 Feet Alkylate: 20,000 BPD 153,000 People within 3 Miles Nearest Residence ~4,100 Feet 14 #1 Philadelphia Energy Solutions #2 Torrance Refining Company #3 Valero Wilmington Refinery B-16 RELATIVE RISK OF HF AND MHF 15 •MHF modestly increases rainout - HF exposure would still occur •Material Safety Datasheets for HF and MHF list the same hazards EMERGENCY OVERVIEW: Clear, colorless, corrosive fuming liquid with an extremely acrid odor. Forms dense white vapor clouds if released. Both liquid and vapor can cause severe burns to all parts of the body. Specialized medical treatment is required for all exposures. B-17 CURRENT STAFF RECOMMENDATION FOR TWO POSSIBLE RULE APPROACHES •Option A: Tier 1+ Mitigation with Phase-out in 5 years •“Tier 1+” Mitigation: Enhancements to existing and some automated mitigation implemented within 1 year •Phase-out MHF no longer than 5 years •Option B: Tier 1 and 2 Mitigation with Longer Phase-out •Tier 1 Mitigation: Enhancements to existing mitigation implemented within 1 year •Tier 2 Mitigation: Automated mitigation implemented within 2-3 years •Technology assessment in 2 years •Phase-out MHF no longer than 6 years •If technology assessment concludes additional time needed, phase-out MHF no longer than 8 years 16 B-18 TWO POSSIBLE RULE CONCEPTS TO CONSIDER Rule Adoption 1 Year 5 Years Option A Rule Adoption 1 Year 2-3 Years Option B Tier I+ Mitigation Phase-Out MHF Tier I Mitigation Phase-Out MHF Phase-Out MHF Tier II+ Mitigation 6 Years 8 Years If Technology Assessment Concludes Additional Time Needed Technology Assessment B-19 5/1/2018 More safety measures, but no eventual ban on potentially lethal refinery chemical used in Torrance, Wilmington, AQMD panel sa… https://www.dailybreeze.com/2018/04/28/more-safety-measures-but-no-eventual-ban-on-potentially-lethal-refinery-chemical-used-in-torrance-wilmington-aqm By NICK GREEN | ngreen@scng.com | Daily Breeze PUBLISHED: April 28, 2018 at 6:17 pm | UPDATED: April 30, 2018 at 1:03 pm  A crowd packed the auditorium of Torrance City Hall for the South Coast Air Quality Management District’s Refinery Committee’s meeting Saturday morning. (Photo: Axel Koester for SCNG) A subcommittee of Southern California’s pollution watchdog stopped short of recommending Saturday to its governing board that toxic modified hydrofluoric acid be phased out at refineries in Torrance and Wilmington, but did agree the plants need to implement additional safety measures. The South Coast Air Quality Management District’s Refinery Committee also directed the agency’s staff to find out more about an additive in the acid used to reduce the risk of creating a toxic gas cloud during an accidental release, including the level currently in use at the two refineries. The committee wants a report back on the issues in 90 days. The two South Bay refineries are the only ones in the state still using the potentially lethal chemical. ADVERTISING LOCAL NEWS More safety measures, but no eventual ban on potentially lethal refinery chemical used in Torrance, Wilmington, AQMD panel says C-1 5/1/2018 More safety measures, but no eventual ban on potentially lethal refinery chemical used in Torrance, Wilmington, AQMD panel sa… https://www.dailybreeze.com/2018/04/28/more-safety-measures-but-no-eventual-ban-on-potentially-lethal-refinery-chemical-used-in-torrance-wilmington-aqm Board member Joe Lyou, president and chief executive officer of nonprofit group The Coalition for Clean Air, characterized the committee’s position in not recommending a ban as simply not possessing sufficient information. “I wish alternative technologies (to using hydrofluoric acid) were further along,” he said. “I don’t think they’re at a place we can mandate (using them).” At least one board member said he was reticent to phase out use of the chemical now because the potential cost in the hundreds of millions of dollars could mean closure of the twin refineries, which employ hundreds of workers. The board’s mid-afternoon decision came at the end of a lengthy meeting Saturday at Torrance City Hall attended by more than 500 local residents and blue-clad refinery workers. Hydrofluoric acid is considered one of the world’s most dangerous chemicals, capable of forming a toxic gas cloud if it is inadvertently released, experts say. It is so “highly hazardous” it’s basically considered a “systemic poison,” UCLA professor and chemical safety expert Craig Merlic told the board. The modified form of the chemical in use locally possesses an additive that inhibits the formation of a toxic gas cloud, but at most only provides a 30 percent reduction – and likely less – in its size, AQMD staff said. That was largely why the board directed staff to discuss the additional safety measures with the two refineries, which will include enhancements to current safety measures such as more automated systems in the event of an accidental release and increased HF monitoring. It was clear many on the board had reservations about the continued use of HF, with Rolling Hills Estates Councilwoman Judy Mitchell being the most blunt. C-2 5/1/2018 More safety measures, but no eventual ban on potentially lethal refinery chemical used in Torrance, Wilmington, AQMD panel sa… https://www.dailybreeze.com/2018/04/28/more-safety-measures-but-no-eventual-ban-on-potentially-lethal-refinery-chemical-used-in-torrance-wilmington-aqm VIEW COMMENTS “A risk well-managed may well be a risk too great,” she said, echoing the title of a study published a few years ago that advocated getting rid of HF. “In my opinion, it is an unacceptable risk.” A lack of information about the properties of HF, a proprietary chemical manufactured by Honeywell, hampered the board’s ability to reach any decision, several panelists said. “We want to find out from Honeywell the minimum percentage of additive needed to mitigate the risk of an accidental release,” said Sam Atwood, AQMD spokesman, after the meeting. Board members were frustrated that it appeared no one had tested the modified hydrofluoric acid’s capability of providing an increased level of safety and that answers to some basic questions about the chemical were unavailable. That was in part due to trade secrets, but also was related to the “extreme challenge” posed by conducting tests on such a hazardous chemical, AQMD staff said. “To have the comfort of hard data, we don’t have that,” conceded Wayne Nastri, AQMD chief executive officer, who admitted the agency didn’t know for sure the percentage of additive employed at the refineries. The public debate was triggered three years ago by an explosion and fire at the Torrance refinery. A U.S. Chemical Safety Board assessment of the explosion said debris from the blast narrowly missed a tank containing hydrofluoric acid, falling just short of a release of the highly toxic chemical. Some experts and activists fear such a release could be catastrophic, putting many lives at risk in the surrounding community. Exxon Mobil sold the refinery to PBF Energy in 2016. Sally Hayati, president of grassroots group Torrance Refinery Action Alliance, called the decision to at least improve refinery safety systems a “victory of sorts” that wouldn’t have occurred without the public outcry over HF. “We look at it as the first step,” she said. “This is just the start of what needs to be done.” SPONSORED CONTENT Are Knee Problems Slowing You Down? Read This Triathlete's Story By Cedars-Sinai Climbing a flight of stairs or riding her bike normally wouldn't be considered a challenge for Jacqueline Stanford, TORRANCE - 11/07/2012 - (Staff Photo: Scott Varley/LANG) Nick Green Nick Green Veteran journalist Nick Green is the beat reporter for the cities of Torrance, Carson and Lomita and also covers the South Bay's rapidly growing craft beer industry for the Daily Breeze. He has worked for newspapers on the West Coast since graduating in 1987 from the University of Washington and lives in Old Torrance with his wife and two cats. Follow him on Twitter @NickGreen007 and @BeerGogglesLA.  Follow Nick Green @NickGreen007 Tags: business,community,fire,health,local-news,public safety,South Bay, Top Stories Breeze,Top Stories LBPT,Torrance Refining Company C-3 5/1/2018 More safety measures, but no eventual ban on potentially lethal refinery chemical used in Torrance, Wilmington, AQMD panel sa… https://www.dailybreeze.com/2018/04/28/more-safety-measures-but-no-eventual-ban-on-potentially-lethal-refinery-chemical-used-in-torrance-wilmington-aqm Join the Conversation We invite you to use our commenting platform to engage in insightful conversations about issues in our community. 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