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04_20140812_PC_SR_Green_Hills_Op_Review_and_AmendmentCCITY CSF RANCHO RN CDS VF RDFS MEMORANDUM TO: CHAIRMAN & MEMBERS OF THE PLANNING COMMISSION FROM: JOEL ROJAS, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DIRECTO VZV, DATE: AUGUST 12, 2014 SUBJECT: OPERATIONAL REVIEW AND AMENDMENT OF THE GREEN HILLS MEMORIAL PARK CEMETERY MASTER PLAN (CASE NO, ZON2003-000$6); Location: 27501 Western Avenue Project Manager: Eduardo Schonborn, AICD, Senior Plan ;&7 RECOMMENDATION Adopt P.C. Resolution No, 2014-_, imposing additional conditions of approval and amending the Green Hills Master Plan to address operational concerns with the Memorial Terrace Mausoleum building raised by the adjoining residents. BACKGROUND On February 25, 2014, the Planning Commission reviewed Staffs suggested mitigation measures and conditions to address operational concerns raised by condominium owners in the adjacent City of Lomita, regarding Green Hills' Memorial Terrace Mausoleum building (February 25, 2014 Planning Commission Staff Report is attached). The Commission also heard some options from the Green Hills representatives that they believe could be implemented to address some of the concerns; and heard testimony from some of the Vista Verde CondominiLim owners regarding the impacts associated with the mausoleum building and the activities that are performed on the rooftop including burials (February 25, 2014 Planning Commission Minutes are attached). After hearing public testimony and discussing the cemetery operations, on a 7-0 vote, the Planning Commission agreed to continue the public hearing to March 11, 2014 to allow Staff to draft the appropriate resolution to impose up to a 90 -day moratorium on all rooftop ground interments/burials on the Memorial Terrace Mausoleum, located in Area 11 of the approved Green Hills Master Plan, while Staff finalizes mitigation measures to address specific noise, visual and privacy impacts identified by the Planning Commission based on public testimony. However, the Planning Commission did not impose the temporary moratorium because at the March 111 hearing, the attorneys representing Green Hills August 12, 2014 Page 1 MEMORANDUM: Operational Review and Amendment of Green Hills Memorial Park Cemetery Master Plan August 12, 2014 Paae 2 and the neighboring condominium association requested that the hearing be further continued to the April 22, 2014 Planning Commission meeting to allow time for the parties to meet and come to an agreement on mitigation measures to address operational impacts associated with the Memorial Terrace Mausoleum. In accordance with both parties' request, the Planning Commission continued the public hearing to April 22, 2014. On April 22, 2014, the Planning Commission again continued the hearing to May 13, 2014 at the request of both parties so they could have additional time to resolve some remaining issues. On May 7, 2014, Staff received an email from Ms. Berkowitz (attorney representing Green Hills) requesting the opportunity to make a presentation before the Planning Commission of the concepts and methods they have been developing to address the concerns raised by the Vista Verde Condominium owners. On May 13, 2014, the Planning Commission heard the presentation from Green Hills regarding possible methods to address concerns raised by the Vista Verde Condominium owners. Although it appeared that some progress and common ground had been achieved between Green Hills and the condominium association, individual residents continued to voice their concerns and opposition to what Green Hills was proposing. In order to allow the parties to continue to meet to address the issues, the Planning Commission continued the hearing to the August 12, 2014 with the direction that the parties continue to work toward an agreement on the mitigation measures to address the operational impacts associated with the burials on the roof of the mausoleum building; otherwise, it was indicated that the Planning Commission will need to impose mitigation measures that it felt would address the issues raised by the property owners. On August 4, 2014, Staff was notified by Ms. Berkowitz (attorney for Green Hills) via email (attached) that the parties have not reached any agreement and that the condominium HOA has advised them that the only agreement they are willing to accept is that the cemetery no longer conduct any burials on the roof of the mausoleum building. Given that no agreements have been reached between the parties, Staff is now recommending that the Planning Commission impose specific mitigation measures to address the observed visual, privacy and noise impacts associated with the rooftop burials and to amend the Green Hills Master Plan to prevent further expansion of the Memorial Terrace Mausoleum. The following discussion will focus on amending and/or adding conditions of approval to the Green Hills Cemetery Master Plan to address these issues. 11 &*1611F`1+'91Is] kil As indicated in the February 25, 2014 Staff Report, the purpose and intent of this process is to provide Staff an opportunity to review the "real-life" operation of the project and to make any necessary adjustments to the conditions of approval to address impacts that were not anticipated during the entitlement process and subsequent build -out, which have been observed to be visual, privacy and noise impacts associated with the proximity of August 12, 2014 Page 2 MEMORANDUM: Operational Review and Amendment of Green Hills Memorial Park Cemetery Master Plan August 12, 2014 Paae 3 the Memorial Terrace Mausoleum building to the adjoining condominiums and the associated rooftop burials. Visual Impacts As indicated in the February 25th staff report, mausoleum building was administratively approved in 2011 after being reviewed to ensure consistency with the Planning Commission approved Green Hills Master Plan. In addition to the applicable conditions of the approved Master Plan, the following conditions were also included: • The entire length of the tractor ramp shall be left clear at all times. No vehicles, landscaping equipment, construction equipment, storage containers, etc. are allowed to be parked, stored and allowed to be left on the tractor ramp for more than 12 hours. • The Northern (rear) wall of the mausoleum building shall be screened by a type of wall vine landscaping. Said landscaping shall be planted and allowed to grow on the wall only to the satisfaction of the Director prior to building permit final. • With the exception of ground cover, no vegetation shall be planted in Area 11 of the Master Plan Revision approved April 24, 2007. • The guardrail along the tractor ramp and along the top of the mausoleum building along the north (rear) shall not be a solid wall and shall be maintained as a wrought iron guardrail. Per the conditions, Green Hills did install planting (creeping fig) along the northern wall at the base of the building. The landscaping has grown slowly over time and will eventually cover the northern wall. Although one idea put forward by a condominium owner was to paint the northern wall of the mausoleum green in the meantime, Staff believes that it could hinder the creeping fig's ability to grow on the vertical wall. Ultimately, once the landscaping covers the wall, it will create a "green wall" that will blend into the ground cover on the roof of the building, which will minimize the aesthetic impact of the building from the condominiums to the north since the light brown color of the building will be screened and will not be readily visible. Staff will continue to monitor the growth of the landscaping and require additional plants as needed. Notwithstanding, Staff proposes to include the four conditions listed above into the Master Plan's conditions of approval. With regards to views, Staff believes that additional conditions limiting future mausoleum construction should be imposed on the Green Hills Master Plan to minimize future view impairment. As indicated above, the recently -constructed Memorial Terrace Mausoleum is phase one of a multi -phase construction that will extend the Memorial Terrace Mausoleum further east of the existing building, towards the maintenance yard. However, it should be noted that Green Hills has indicated that they agree not to construct a mausoleum as their next phase of the Memorial Terrace Mausoleum in Area 11 (see attached letter from Ellen Berkowitz, dated August 6, 2014). Other than stating that no future mausoleum building would be constructed, they have no specific plans about their August 12, 2014 Page 3 MEMORANDUM: Operational Review and Amendment of Green Hills Memorial Park Cemetery Master Plan August 12, 2014 Page 4_ next phase. As such, they are willing to present said plans to the Planning Commission for review when they are ready. Nonetheless, to ensure that the condominium owners are aware of any subsequent proposals for improvements to the area east of and adjacent to the Memorial Terrace Mausoleum, Staff recommends adding the following condition: No new mausoleum or addition to the existing mausoleum shall be constructed within Area 11. Prior to submittal of grading plans and/or building plans for any improvements in the area east of the existing Memorial Terrace Mausoleum building into plan check with the Building and Safety Division, the applicant shall submit the proposed improvement plans to the Director of Community Development for review by the Planning Commission at a duly noticed public hearing. Notice of said public hearing shall be published and provided to owners of property within a 500 -foot radius, to persons requesting notice, to all affected homeowners associations (including the Vista Verde Condominium Association located in the City of Lomita), and to the property owner in accordance with Rancho Palos Verdes Development Code Section 17.80.090. Given Green Hills' decision to not construct additional mausoleum space in Area 11, Staff recommends modification to the list of projects associated with Area 11 of the Master Plan (as stipulated in condition of approval no. 1.f) to read as follows: f. Area 11 of the Master Plan Revision (known as Memorial Terrace Mausoleum): With the exception of the 10,366 square foot Memorial Terrace Mausoleum building already approved and constructed per BLD2011-00799, no new mausoleums or additions to existing mausoleums are allowed in Area 11. As indicated in the February 25, 2014 Staff Report, to address impacts of rooftop ground burials on future mausoleum buildings, Staff suggested a condition that would prohibit ground interments on the roof of any future additions/phases of the Memorial Terrace mausoleum building in Area 11. However, as indicated above, Green Hills will no longer be expanding the Memorial Terrace Mausoleum building towards the east. Instead, Green Hills envisions ground interments utilizing the existing topography of the area. As such, the need to prohibit rooftop ground interments on future phases of mausoleum buildings in Area 11 is no longer needed since the improvements would be limited to ground interments and garden wall crypts utilizing the existing topography of the area. Privacy and Noise Impacts Impacts to privacy have been raised by the condominium owners due to the ground interments on the roof of the building being close to the same level as some condominium balconies. The impacts are created by mourners, as well as by Green Hills' sales personnel who give periodic tours of the roof interments. During funeral services, mourners congregate and have the ability to look towards the condominiums. This is an August 12, 2014 Page 4 MEMORANDUM: Operational Review and Amendment of Green Hills Memorial Park Cemetery Master Plan August 12, 2014 Page 5 unintended consequence that Staff observed during site visits to the condominium complex. Another unintended operational impact raised by the condominium owners includes noise impacts resulting from mourners and Green Hills sales personnel. Specifically, the condominium owners have expressed concerns regarding noise impacts from equipment used to prepare the sites for burials, from funeral services, and from maintenance equipment. In order to assess noise impacts, Green Hills hired a consultant to prepare a noise study to analyze potential offsite noise impacts associated with the typical operations and activities that occur on the rooftop of the mausoleum building. The attached noise study contains a menu of methods to minimize noise impacts that Staff reviewed and considered when developing the additional conditions contained specified below. Given the privacy and noise concerns expressed by the nearby condominium owners and observed by Staff, Staff is recommending that additional conditions should be imposed on the Green Hills Master Plan to address privacy and noise impacts from the rooftop interments. Specifically, Staff recommends adding the following conditions to address impacts associated with the Memorial Terrace Mausoleum in Area 11: • Pre -service burial/plot preparation and post -service plot backfilling of the rooftop ground interments on the Memorial Terrace Mausoleum building shall only be allowed between the hours of 10.00am and 3:00pm, Monday through Sunday. Any mechanical machinery used for plot preparation and post -service plot backfilling that is defective or malfunctioning in a manner that is causing abnormal noises or noise levels shall be replaced immediately with properly functioning machinery. When feasible, at the discretion of Green Hills staff, non -mechanized methods shall be used. • Burials and all associated services on the roof top ground interments of the Memorial Terrace Mausoleum building shall only be allowed between the hours of 10:00am and 3:00pm, Monday through Sunday. • Limit the use of the mini -haul vehicle (which is illustrated in Green Hills' powerpoint presentation to the Planning Commission on May 13, 2014) to pre -service burial/plot preparation and post -service plot backfilling of the rooftop ground interments to the hours of 10:00am and 3:00pm, Monday through Sunday. • The use of amplified sound shall be prohibited on the rooftop of the Memorial Terrace Mausoleum building. • All services on the rooftop of the Memorial Terrace Mausoleum building shall be conducted within temporary covered tenting that is enclosed on a minimum of 2 sides, as illustrated in Green Hills' powerpoint presentation to the Planning Commission on May 13, 2014. One of the two sides shall be the north side facing the Vista Verde condominium complex. Said temporary tenting shall be erected no earlier than 2 hours prior to the burial service and shall be removed within 2 hours after the burial service. August 12, 2014 Page 5 MEMORANDUM: Operational Review and Amendment of Green Hills Memorial Park Cemetery Master Plan August 12, 2014 Paae 6 A minimum 6 -foot tall temporary wall system or portable framed screen with sound absorption material shall be placed adjacent to the northern side of the temporary tenting during all services on the rooftop of the Memorial Terrace Mausoleum building. The temporary wall system or portable framed screen shall be erected no earlier than 2 hours prior to the burial service and shall be removed within 2 hours after the burial service. Landscape maintenance and grounds keeping of the ground interments located on the rooftop of the Memorial Terrace Mausoleum building shall only be allowed once per week, between the hours of 10:00am and 3:00pm, Monday through Friday only and shall be limited to the use of one mower. The use of a leaf blower shall be prohibited. Sales personnel shall be allowed to show the roof -top ground interments on the Memorial Terrace Mausoleum building only between the hours of 10:00am and 3:00pm Monday through Friday, and between the hours of 12:00pm and 2:00pm on Saturday and Sunday. Miscellaneous In an attempt to keep the adjacent condominium owners apprised of any scheduled ground interments on the rooftop Memorial Terrace Mausoleum building in Area 11, Green Hills has volunteered to provide such information via their website. Although this is a useful tool, Staff believes that direct notification to the adjacent condominium HOA should be done. As such, Staff recommends adding the following condition: On a weekly basis, but no less than 12 hours prior to a scheduled internment, Green Hills shall provide the Vista Verde HOA a list of upcoming/scheduled burials that will be conducted on the rooftop of the Memorial Terrace Mausoleum building. The weekly list shall be provided to the Vista Verde HOA president via electronic mail or via regular mail (at the choosing by the HOA president), with a copy of said weekly list being provided to the Rancho Palos Verdes Director of Community Development. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION At the May 13th meeting, the Planning Commission asked Staff to investigate and/or report on the apparent slope of the rooftop, which appears to slope downward from south to north. The mausoleum building physically slopes down approximately 18 -inches from south to north, which is done to ensure proper drainage of the roof. The water drains to spouts which transmit water down to the existing drainage swale that is located between the building and the common property line shared with the condominiums to the north. Lastly, the drainage swale has been monitored by Green Hills, and City Staff has periodically visually checked on the condition of the swale. Neither Green Hills, nor City Staff, have observed water pooling in the drainage swale. August 12, 2014 Page 6 MEMORANDUM: Operational Review and Amendment of Green Hills Memorial Park Cemetery Master Plan August 12, 2014 Page 7 The Planning Commission had also requested that Staff look into the requirements of military funerals. According to the City Attorney, two elements required by federal law are the playing of taps and the folding and presentation of the American flag to the family of the deceased. A firing party is not a requirement but frequently is used depending on the rank of the deceased, the availability of personnel to participate in the firing party, and when requested by the family of the deceased. The firing party generally is supposed to fire three rounds over the casket of the deceased, but they can be repositioned depending on the circumstances, so long as they are within view of the mourners. CONCLUSION At the May 13th meeting, the Planning Commission directed Staff to return with a Resolution for a 90 -day moratorium on rooftop burials for consideration by the Planning Commission. It is Staff understanding that the intent of a temporary moratorium was to motivate the parties to meet and agree on mitigation measures to address the issues resulting from the rooftop burials. Since the HOA has taken the position that the only agreement they are willing to accept is that the cemetery no longer conduct any burials on the roof of the mausoleum building, discussions have ceased. Notwithstanding the HOA's position, Staff believes that the recommended conditions contained within this Staff Report address the privacy, noise and aesthetic impacts. Thus, if the Planning Commission agrees that the recommended conditions mitigation the impacts, then Staff believes that imposing a temporary moratorium is not warranted. ALTERNATIVES The following alternatives are available for the Planning Commission's consideration: 1. Adopt P.C. Resolution No. 2014-_, imposing additional conditions of approval and amending the Green Hills Master Plan to address concerns raised by the Vista Verde Condominium owners. (Staff's recommendation) 2. Adopt P.C. Resolution No. 2014-_, imposing a temporary moratorium of up to 90 - days on rooftop burials on the Memorial Terrace Mausoleum building. Attachments • P.C. Resolution No. 2014-_, approving additional conditions of approval to the Green Hills Master Plan • P.C. Resolution No. 2014-_, approving up to a 90 -day moratorium on ground interments on the roof of the Memorial Terrace Mausoleum building • Email from Attorney Ellen Berkowitz representing Green Hills dated August 4, 2014 • Follow up letter from Attorney Ellen Berkowitz, dated August • Green Hills Noise Study, prepared by First Carbon Solutions • Burial activity report for rooftop burials at the Memorial Terrace Mausoleum building August 12, 2014 Page 7 MEMORANDUM: Operational Review and Amendment of Green Hills Memorial Park Cemetery Master Plan August 12, 2014 Page 8 • Public comments received since the May 13, 2014 meeting • February 25, 2014 Planning Commission Staff Report (with associated attachments) • February 25, 2014 Planning Commission Minutes (excerpt) • March 11, 2014 Planning Commission Staff Report (with associated attachments) • March 11, 2014 Planning Commission Minutes (excerpt) • April 22, 2014 Planning Commission Staff Report (with associated attachments) • April 22, 2014 Planning Commission Minutes (excerpt) • May 13, 2014 Planning Commission Staff Report (with associated attachments) • May 13, 2014 Planning Commission Minutes (excerpt) August 12, 2014 Page 8 EMAIL FROM ATTORNEY ELLEN BERKOWITZ REPRESENTING GREEN HILLS DATED AUGUST 4, 2014 August 12, 2014 Page 9 Eduardo Schonborn From-. Ellen Berkowitz <Ellen _ Berkowitz@Gresham5avagecom> Sent: Monday, August 04, 2014 1:18 PM To: Eduardo Schonborn; Mike McLachlan Cc: Joel Rojas Subject: RE: Green dills Update Eduardo — That is correct, no agreements have been reached. The HOA has advised that the only agreement that would be acceptable is for Green Hills to ban all further interments on the roof of the Mausoleum. Green Hills cannot, and will not, agree to that request. Please let me know if you have any additional questions. Thank you. Ellen From: Eduardo Schonborn [mailto:EduardoS@rpv.com] Sent: Monday, August 04, 2414 12:08 PM To: Mike McLachlan; Ellen Berkowitz Cc: Joel Rojas Subject: RE: Green Hills Update Hello Mr. McLachlan and Ms. Berkowitz, It is my understanding that there have not been any agreements reached to address the issues between the cemetery and the condo association or its residents? -eduardo Eduardo Schorrhorn, aicp Senior- Planner Cite o_ f Rnrufio � afos Verdes Planning Department 30940 Hawthorne Blvd. Rancho Palos Verdes, CA 90275 www, palosuer_des.com/rpv/planning/planning-zoning;/index.cfm (310) 544-5228 — (310) 544-5293 f eduardos d)r v com From: Mike McLachlan [mailto.rnike(d)mclachlanlaw.coni] Sent: rriday, July 25, 2014 20:24 AM To: Eduardo Schonborn; Ellen Berkowitz Cc: Joel Rojas Subject: Re: Green Hills Update I ha�c been off Fit two weeks on vacation, so we Nve'lI have to get back to you early next week. Mike McLachlan 310_954-8270 1 August 12, 2014 Page 10 ------ Ori$inai rnessa e ------ From: Eduardo Schoriborn Date: I ri- Jul 2s- 1-014 10:01 AM Fo: Mikc McLachkrn:f.11en BerkLMd/, Cc: Joel Rojas: Subject:0-een Hills Update Mr. Mclachlan and Ms. Berkowitz, As the August 12t0 PC meeting is fast approaching, I wanted to get an update as to any developments on your discussions. Can you please let me know if there is anything new or what progress has been made? Also, as you may recall, the PC asked about the videos of the 2007 master plan hearings. I provided the following information regarding the videos, and I wanted to forward said information on to you. -eduardo At the May 13th meeting, when you considered the Green Hills matter, the PC requested the video for the meetings at which the Green Hills Master Plan had been discussed. There were two meeting that led to the approval of the master plan, one on February 27, 2007 and the other on April 24, 2007. The items were lengthy, so I tried to identify key points and at the times you will find them in the videos. The following is the link to the February 27th hearing. The item begins at 4 hours, 2 minutes with Staff presentation. The applicant's presentation begins at 4 hours, 21 minutes, 30 seconds. Public speakers begin at 4 hours, 31 minutes, 20 seconds. Applicant rebuttal and discussion begins at 4 hours, 44 minutes, 50 seconds. iittp_:flwww..palosverdes.com/rpv/f)ianning/agenda videos/displayZindex.cfmaid=13 The following is the link to the April 24th hearing, which is the continuation of the Green Hills matter from the initial February ,27th hearing. The item begins at 49 minutes, 25 seconds with staff presentation. PC questions to staff begin at 58 minutes, 40 seconds. Public speakers begin at 1 hour, 5 minutes. Discussions about Area 2, the mausoleum that was referred to as being flagged, begins at 1 hour, 55 minutes, 30 seconds. Discussion continues regarding noise, hours of operation and construction, porta potties, roadway paving until it is approved at 3 hours, 11 minutes, 40 seconds. http_,/[yywvk;palosverdes.com/rpv/p#anrlin /agenda videos/display/inr ex.c rrs?id=22 Eduardo Sclionborn, aiep Senior Planner ('iter of Rancho cPafos Vardes Planning Department 30940 Hawthorne Blvd. Rancho Palos Verdes, CA 90275 www.palosverdes.com/rpv/planninp/planning-zoning/index.cfm (310) 544-5228 — (310) 544-5293 f eduardos r ).corn I-Ilen Horkowitz August 12, 2014 Page 11 4flgcdcs, C4 `'E' 1 fti€e direct: (2 _3) 'j7 l'-'9 ; ,iv,: (2 113)1 /—,Q 1. 0A, (_310) 92. 3479 vv%,v�,v.Gre l�arxlSavage.corn iii,(i l:§ic.E1 vu r7..'J 3, Traosmmsioo ;;f v.€F€ t._ =r .y,' ;lel_ :)':. Y .fir .4 •, .. _ e , <i a f ., _.,.�;r ,l.r c; €]f '€{'C,t l:", e. - .1fr>, .. is .t: -1,Y ii r: S:: ' • .. ' 2-31 .lG o�u v > r J pjf"/ Q LirI V 'il[LS_ ,1 . _!ara iwa ffle F, v�se�� r ..,r,• This email has been scanned for email related threats and delivered safely by Mimecast. For more information please visit http.//www mimecast.com 3 August 12, 2014 Page 12 FOLLOW UP LETTER FROM ATTORNEY ELLEN BERKOWITZ, DATED AUGUST 6, 2014 August 12, 2014 Page 13 GRESHAMI I SAVAGE August 6, 2014 VIA EMAIL Members of the Planning Commission City of Rancho Palos Verdes 30940 Hawthorne Blvd. Rancho Palos Verdes, CA 90275 Re: Green Hills Annual Review Case No. ZON2003-00086 Dear Commissioners: Ellen.Berkowitz@GreshamSavage.com • Los Angeles (213) 213-7249 • fax (213) 213-7391 As you know, this law firm represents Green Hills Memorial Park ("Green Hills"), a nonprofit organization, in connection with the annual review of its Master Conditional Use Permit ("CUP") conducted by the Planning Commission ("Commission") of the City of Rancho Palos Verdes ("City"). At the Commission's May 13, 2014 hearing ("May Hearing"), the Commission heard continued testimony about the issues raised by the proximity of the Vista Verde Condominium complex ("Vista Verde") to the Pacific Terrace Mausoleum ("Mausoleum"). Green Hills presented a number of suggested operational improvements, some of which it had already implemented, some of which the Vista Verde Homeowners Association ("HOA") advised they would not accept, and others which the parties were still in the midst of discussing. Thus, at the May Hearing, the Commission voted to: (1) recommend that Green Hills and the HOA continue their efforts to achieve a mutually acceptable resolution to the HOA's concerns through the implementation of the suggested operational improvements and/or other measures; and (2) admonish the parties that if they could not reach an agreement, the Commission would impose a moratorium on further rooftop burials at the Mausoleum. One Commissioner also advised that the Commission may bring a motion at the next hearing to revoke Green Hills' CUP. Green Hills reached out to the HOA's legal counsel to continue the parties' discussions and resolve the outstanding issues relative to the acceptable operational improvements. We were surprised, however, to learn that following the May Hearing / SAN BERNARDINO 550 East Hospitality Lane, Suite 300 • San Bernardino, California 92408 RIVERSIDE 3750 University Avenue, Suite 250 • Riverside, California 92501 / SAN DIEGO 550 West C Street, Suite 1810 • San Diego, California 92101 LOS ANGELES 333 South Hope Street, 35`" Floor a Los Angeles, California 90071 GreshamSavage.cam Akjgwsj,J,2e 2014 Page 14 The Planning Commission August 6, 2014 Page 2 the HOA: (i) unanimously voted to reject the multiple measures Green Hills had previously proposed (even those the HOA previously had agreed would be acceptable); (ii) was not interested in discussing any other such measures; and (iii) now wanted only a permanent ban on all further rooftop burials at the Mausoleum. Although Green Hills sincerely believes that these proposed measures were reasonably responsive to the HOA's chief concerns, we can only assume that the HOA had no incentive to even attempt to reach an agreement with Green Hills because if no agreement were reached, the HOA would achieve its desired result: without an agreement between the parties, the Commission had promised a moratorium on future rooftop burials. Yesterday, we were contacted for the first time by the HOA's newly retained counsel, who appears to be seeking a resolution whereby Green Hills would somehow agree to lower the height of the already -constructed Mausoleum. While we welcome the continued dialogue, we do not understand how the Mausoleum could be lowered without substantially demolishing the existing concrete structure and disinterring individuals buried both within the building and on its roof, which would not be acceptable to Green Hills nor to the many family members who have deceased loved ones buried there. Given these circumstances, Green Hills now offers the following for the Commission's consideration: A. It Would be Unreasonable and Improper to Impose a Moratorium on Rooftop Burials or to Revoke Green Hills' CUP for the Existing Mausoleum. 1. Green Hills has a Vested Right to Continue to Use the Mausoleum for Rooftop Burials. ➢ California law recognizes that after a property owner has performed substantial work and incurred substantial liabilities in good faith reliance upon a validly issued permit, that property owner acquires a vested right to construct and use the development in accordance with the terms of that permit. Avco Community Developers, Inc. v. South Coast Regional Com. (1976) 17 Cal.3d 785, 791-799. See also Malibu Mountains Recreation, Inc. v. County of Los Angeles (1998) 67 Cal.AppAth 359, 367 (the granting of a CUP to a property owner, with subsequent reliance on that CUP, creates a vested right to continue the use authorized under the CUP). A�)gw,sj,J,2„ 2014 Page 15 The Planning Commission August 6, 2014 Page 3 ➢ Here, Green Hills' construction and operation of the Mausoleum, in clear reliance on its validly issued CUP, establishes a vested right to use and operate the Mausoleum in accordance with the CUP as previously issued (including for rooftop burials). Thus a moratorium on the use of the Mausoleum, or the revocation or amendment of the CUP, would violate these rights. ➢ Critically, notwithstanding the City Attorney's erroneous suggestion to the contrary, these protections apply to the use of all burial plots, both sold and unsold. In an analogous situation, the California Supreme Court ruled that the vested rights doctrine protects a property owner's right to use and sell newly subdivided condominiums, without regard for whether the units were sold or unsold. See City of W. Hollywood v. Beverly Towers, Inc. (1991) 52 Ca1.3d 1184, 1189. 2. A Moratorium on Mausoleum Rooftop Burials would Constitute an Unconstitutional Taking of Private Property without Just Compensation. ➢ Given that Green Hills has a vested right to maintain and sell plots on the Mausoleum roof, any effort by the City to prohibit further use or sales would constitute the illegal taking of private property without just compensation, in violation of both the Federal and the California constitutions. ➢ A California Court of Appeal ruled against the City of Rancho Palos Verdes in connection with a similar moratorium, advising the City that "by implementing the moratorium and continuing to prevent [the property owners] from building on their properties, [the City] 'deprive[d] [the property owners'] land of all economically beneficial use."' Monks v. City of Rancho Palos Verdes (2008) 167 Cal. App. 4th 263, 270, (citing Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council (1992) 505 U.S. 1003, 1027). Accordingly, the City had the burden of proving that the construction ban was justified." Id. (citing Lucas at 1029). If it could not, the City's actions would be deemed unconstitutional. ➢ The City was unable to justify the moratorium, and the court therefore found that the City "committed a regulatory taking by enacting an overly restrictive resolution on development." Monks v. City of Rancho Palos Verdes (Cal. Ct. App., Mar. 28, 2013, B237221) 2013 WL 1248251. As a result, the moratorium could not stand. A�)gw,st,J,2„ 2014 Page 16 The Planning Commission August 6, 2014 Page 4 ➢ For the City to enact a similar moratorium in this instance would be repeating the nearly identical action that was the subject of a multi-year legal battle, one that the City ultimately lost (and which required the City to pay the property owners $4.25 million in damages and allow them to go forward with the construction that had been the subject of the moratorium). Insistence on a moratorium of Green Hills' use of its property would also likely yield a similar result. 3. The Uses at Issue are Reasonable Uses of Cemetery Zoned Property and do not Cause Substantial Harm to Vista Verde Residents so as to Justify a Moratorium. ➢ There is nothing illegal or harmful about Green Hills' use of its property for cemetery uses, such as interments. In fact, these are exactly the types of uses protected and specifically designated for the property under the City's zoning code and Green Hills' Master Plan. ➢ While some neighbors complain about the occasional occurrence of burial services at Green Hills, the law is replete with reminders that no one who lives in society is entitled to complete and absolute quiet every moment of their lives. As noted in one case: "A reasonable person must realize that complete emotional tranquility is seldom attainable, and some degree of transitory emotional distress is the natural consequence of living among other people in an urban or suburban environment. . . . A reasonable person must expect to suffer and submit to some inconveniences and annoyances from the reasonable use of property by neighbors, particularly in the sometimes close living of a suburban residential neighborhood. Schild v. Rubin, (1991) 232 Cal. App. 3d 755, 763 (internal citations omitted).' ➢ As further explained in Monks: 1 The court went on to state: "People who live in organized communities must of necessity suffer some inconvenience and annoyance from their neighbors and must submit to annoyances consequent upon the reasonable use of property by others." Id. at 764 (internal citations omitted). A�)g,w,sJ,J,2„ 2014 Page 17 The Planning Commission August 6, 2014 Page 5 "Practically all human activities[,] unless carried on in a wilderness[,] interfere to some extent with others or involve some risk of interference, and these interferences range from mere trifling annoyances to serious harms. It is an obvious truth that each individual in a community must put up with a certain amount of annoyance, inconvenience and interference .... in order that all may get on together." Monks, 167 Cal. App. 4th at 301 (internal citations omitted). ➢ To put Vista Verde's complaints into perspective, we note that over the past 7 months (from January through July 2014), only 21 such services have occurred on the Mausoleum roof, or an average of 3 services per month. Most services — including pre/post burial preparation — last approximately 1 hour. ➢ This means that on average, for about 3 hours each month, Vista Verde residents hear some noise and observe activity on Green Hills' property across the way. Given the many intrusions most people residing in major cities experience — from traffic, to loud music, to screaming children, to commercial uses (which may lawfully be located adjacent to residential areas) all of which may occur for seemingly unrelenting hours upon hours — the relative "disturbance" that Vista Verde residents experience for a few hours a month is not substantial. ➢ Moreover, as demonstrated by the comprehensive noise analysis prepared by environmental consultants First Carbon Solutions (retained by Green Hills to assess sound from various activities that occur on the Mausoleum roof), the sounds emanating from the Mausoleum rooftop never exceed the noise thresholds allowed in both the cities of Rancho Palos Verdes and Lomita, which is 65 dBAs in residential areas. Among other things, the study, attached as Exhibit A, explains that noise measurements were conducted to measure sound as heard from the rooftop on the balconies of the nearest neighbors (i.e., if a neighbor was standing outside their home, on the balcony closest to the Mausoleum roof). ➢ The study reveals that during a service at which 64 persons are present, the sound reaches only 56.7 dBAs. When these neighbors are inside their homes, a 64 -person service generates only about 44.7 dBAs at the nearest residence — less than the amount of noise generated by the hum A�)gw,st,J,2„ 2014 Page 18 The Planning Commission August 6, 2014 Page 6 of a refrigerator.2 While the HOA complains that the noise they hear is unbearable, an objective analysis reveals that the sounds are well within the limits of allowable sound in residential neighborhoods. 4. There is no Allegation that Green Hills has Violated any Conditions of its CUP to Justify Revocation. ➢ In describing the purpose of the annual review in 2007, when the Commission approved the Updated Master Plan, then -Commission Chair Gerstner commented: "if [Green Hills] compl[ies] [with the CUP] ... I don't think this Commission is intending, nor future Commissions, to re-evaluate the entire plan." (See April 24, 2007 Commission Transcripts). Indeed, the 2007 CUP itself states: "The project shall be reviewed ... annually ... to review [Green Hills'] compliance with all conditions of approval. .. At that time, the [] Commission may add, delete, or modify the conditions of approval as deemed necessary and appropriate." (P.C. Resolution No. 2008-47, AQ - 14, p. 10.) ➢ Thus, the focus of the inquiry at the annual review should properly be whether Green Hills has complied with the terms of the CUP. There are no allegations to that effect. Accordingly, it would be improper, absent such a showing, for the Commission to revoke or revise the CUP as it was originally approved, or to take any further punitive actions against Green Hills. B. Green Hills has Already Implemented a Number of Voluntary Goodwill Improvements to Mausoleum Operations, and Remains Willing to Implement Additional Measures. 1. As Vista Verde Residents are not Entitled to Permanent View Protection under State or Local Law, there is Nothing Inappropriate about the Mausoleum's Design or Siting. 2 In response to complaints about the sounds from the Mausoleum's ventilation fan, Green Hills retained First Carbon Solutions to prepare a supplemental noise study examining this issue. The supplemental study found that Vista Verde's own pool pump operates at noise levels equivalent to, and sometimes higher than, that of the Mausoleum's ventilation fan. Both the fan and the pool pump are fully compliant with applicable noise restrictions. The supplemental study is attached as Exhibit B. A�)g,w,sJ,J,2„ 2014 Page 19 The Planning Commission August 6, 2014 Page 7 ➢ The HOA complains that the Mausoleum interferes with, and negatively impacts, their views. However, as residents of the City of Lomita, they do not fall within the City of Rancho Palos Verdes' view protection ordinance. While we appreciate some Commissioners' comments to the effect that "the City shouldn't treat its neighbors differently than it treats its citizens," the fact is that residents of Lomita do not share in all the privileges and protections accorded to the residents of Rancho Palos Verdes. ➢ Additionally, except for Rancho Palos Verdes, Malibu and a few other cities, the law generally does not protect private views. As discussed above in relation to annoyances by neighbors, a consequence of living in an urban or suburban society is that new buildings are constructed, views are impeded, and noises and the visual landscape change as new development occurs. This is not intended to minimize the HOA's concerns in any way, but to recognize the reality that not every view will stay unfettered in perpetuity, particularly for most of society who live in communities without such legal protections. 2. Notwithstanding the HOA's Rejection of any of Green Hills' Suggested Operational Improvements, and Despite the Fact that Green Hills is Under no Legal Obligation to do so, Green Hills is Willing to Implement Various Goodwill Measures to Assist the Planning Commission in Concluding this Review. ➢ As noted, Green Hills has already implemented a number of voluntary improvements, as set forth in the attached Exhibit C, including improved signage, use of improved mechanical equipment, advanced notification of burial services, and continued use of tenting, among others. ➢ Green Hills has addressed the ventilation fan and drainage issues referenced at the May Hearing. ➢ To the extent that it assists the Commission in concluding this review, Green Hills is still open to implementing various additional measures, including: (i) restricting amplified sound (except at military funerals, which guarantee the right to honor guard burials under federal law, including the playing of Taps), (ii) reducing maintenance, landscaping and burial preparation to between 10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. (currently A�)gw,sj,J,2„ 2014 Page 20 The Planning Commission August 6, 2014 Page 8 permitted to be from 9:00 a.m.-3:30 p.m.)3, (iii) similarly reducing the hours during which funeral processions may enter the park, (iv) exploring additional visual and sound reduction measures, and/or (v) installing a fence between the properties. ➢ While we recognize that the HOA objects to a fence as proposed by Staff in February, we nevertheless note that a fence would effectively alleviate most sound travel (especially if constructed with sound- proofing materials) and any visual "disturbances' about which the HOA complains, such as preparing sites and conducting services. Further, a fence would provide protection to the many friends and families whose rights are also protected under the law to "privately and peacefully mourn[] the loss of deceased relatives," whose moments of grief are violated by such disturbances, and who suffer "emotional disturbance and distress" as a result of intrusions into their most intimate moments. Sen. Bill No. 661 (2011-2012 Reg. Sess.) §1. 3. Green Hills will Revise its Plans for Phase II of the Mausoleum. ➢ Green Hills understands that the possibility of a future "Phase IP' of the Mausoleum is an issue of concern both among the HOA and Commission members. Accordingly, to avoid future controversy and as an act of good -will for the benefit our neighbors, Green Hills will voluntarily agree not to construct a mausoleum on the Phase II site. While Green Hills currently has no specific plans relative to a modified Phase II, it has begun preparing some conceptual drawings in response to recent events and will present these plans to the Commission in the near future. We sincerely hope that we can reach a resolution that will enable Green Hills to live in harmony with our neighbors at Vista Verde, but the solution they have put forth - to ban all future interments on the Mausoleum rooftop or to lower the height of the building (which would involve demolition of the existing structure and the disinterment of individuals buried there) - is not something to which Green Hills can or will agree. Moreover, there is no basis on which the City may impose a moratorium 3 Green Hills advises visitors to be in the park before 3:00 p.m., and charges a late fee for burials after that time. If the procession arrives after 3:00 p.m., but has a legally issued Burial Permit for that day, the procession will not be turned away. A�)gw,sj,J,2„ 2014 Page 21 The Planning Commission August 6, 2014 Page 9 at this point; to do so would be unconstitutional. Therefore, Green Hills requests that the Commission conclude this year's annual review by accepting those voluntary improvements Green Hills has offered to undertake and by continuing to work with Green Hills to determine whether any other options to help address the situation may be feasible. Thank you for your consideration, and we look forward to discussing this matter further with you at the hearing on August 12th VerNIMly yours, E1len/BeN,owitz, GRESHAM SA-V�E NOLAN & TILDEN, A Professional Corporation EB:DFF Enclosure cc: Joel Rojas Eduardo Schonborn Michael Friedman Ray Frew John Resich Apgw5#,,,12 , 2014 Page 22 EXHIBIT A 1218-495 -- 213829.1 August 12, 2014 Page 23 a Fi rstCa rbo of SOLUTIONS Noise Study Green Hills Memorial Park Rancho Palos Verdes, California Prepared for: Green Hills Memorial Park 27501 South Western Avenue Rancho Palos Verdes, CA 90275 Phone: (310) 831-0311 Contact: Tom Frew, Controller Prepared by: First Carbon Solutions 11755 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1660 Los Angeles, CA 90025 888.826.5814 Contact: Jason Brandman, Project Director Mike Rosa, Noise Specialist Report Date: July 9, 2014 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Table of Contents Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations........................................................................................................ iv Section1: Introduction.................................................................................................................. 1 1.1- Purpose of Analysis and Study Objectives......................................................................... 1 1.2 - Study Location and Area....................................................................................................1 1.3 - Purpose of Analysis...........................................................................................................1 Section 2: Noise Fundamentals...................................................................................................... 6 2.1.1 - Noise Descriptors................................................................................................... 6 2.1.2 - Tone Noise.............................................................................................................. 6 2.2 - Noise Propagation............................................................................................................. 6 2.3 - Ground Absorption............................................................................................................ 7 2.4 - Noise Barrier Attenuation................................................................................................. 7 Section3: Regulatory Setting......................................................................................................... 8 3.1- Federal Regulations...........................................................................................................8 3.2 - State Regulations............................................................................................................... 8 3.3 - Local Regulations............................................................................................................... 8 3.3.1 - City of Rancho Palos Verdes Municipal Code ......................................................... 8 3.3.2 - Green Hills' Conditional Use Permit....................................................................... 9 3.3.3 - City of Lomita....................................................................................................... 10 Section 4: Sampled Noise Conditions........................................................................................... 11 4.1- Measurement Procedure and Criteria.............................................................................11 4.1.1- Noise Measurement Equipment..........................................................................11 4.1.2 - Noise Measurement Locations.............................................................................11 4.1.3 - Noise Measurement Timing and Climate.............................................................11 4.2 - Noise Measurement Results............................................................................................ 11 Section5: Offsite Impacts............................................................................................................ 14 5.1- Activity Noise Level Isolation...........................................................................................14 5.2 - Modeled Impacts.............................................................................................................15 5.3 - Comparison with Applicable Regulations........................................................................ 17 5.4 - Regulatory Requirements, Recommendations, and Measures to Be Taken ......................18 5.5 - Recommendation............................................................................................................ 24 Section6: References................................................................................................................... 26 Appendix A: Calculation Output A.1 - Support for Table 3 A.2 - Support for Table 4 A.3 - Support for Table 5 A.4 - Support for Section 5.3 A.5 - Support for Table 7 A.6 - Support for Table 10 FirstCarbon Solutions ii H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 25 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study List of Tables Table of Contents Table 1: Rancho Palos Verdes Municipal Code....................................................................................... 8 Table 2: Lomita Municipal Code1..........................................................................................................10 Table 3: Noise Level Measurement Results..........................................................................................12 Table 4: Isolated Facility Operations Noise Levels'............................................................................... 14 Table 5: Modeled Impacts at Multi -Family Residential Exterior'.........................................................15 Table 6: Rough Estimates of Interior Noise Levels at Multi -Family Residential' ................................... 17 Table 7: Modeled Impacts at Multi -Family Residential Exterior with 6 -Foot Barrier' .......................... 18 Table 8: Sound Reduction Method Comparison................................................................................... 19 Table 9: Estimated Impacts at Multi -Family Residential Exterior Using Echo Barrier 1,2 .......................24 Table 10: Modeled Impacts at Multi -Family Residential Exterior Using Electric Mower' ....................24 Table 11: Attenuation Measures to be Implemented........................................................................... 25 List of Exhibits Exhibit 1: Project Location Map..............................................................................................................3 Exhibit 2: Green Hills Memorial Park Site Map......................................................................................4 Exhibit 3: Photographs of Pacific Terrace Mausoleum Vicinity.............................................................. 5 FirstCarbon Solutions iii H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 26 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ANSI American National Standards Institute Caltrans California Department of Transportation CNEL Community Noise Equivalent Level dB decibel dBA A -weighted decibel dBA/DD A -weighted decibel per each doubling of distance Hz Hertz LdN Day -Night Average Sound Level Leq Equivalent Sound Level ONC California Department of Health Services Office of Noise Control OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration RMS root mean square SEL Single Event Level sq ft square feet FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx iv August 12, 2014 Page 27 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Introduction 1.1- Purpose of Analysis and Study Objectives This Noise Study has been prepared by First Carbon Solutions (FCS) to analyze potential offsite noise impacts associated with typical onsite operations and activities occurring on the rooftop of the Pacific Terrace Mausoleum (the Mausoleum) at Green Hills Memorial Park (Green Hills). This report provides the following: • A description of the study area • Information regarding the fundamentals of noise • A discussion about applicable noise standards and regulations • An analysis of the noise environment • An evaluation of onsite -generated noise levels relative to applicable standards and regulations • Recommendations for reducing offsite noise levels 1.2 - Study Location and Area Green Hills is located on approximately 120 acres of land within the City of Rancho Palos Verdes, California, as shown on Exhibit 1. This analysis and report focuses on a small section of this property, specifically, the rooftop of the Pacific Terrace Mausoleum (the Mausoleum), which is located at the northwest portion of Green Hills' property, as indicated on Exhibit 2. The northern edge of the Mausoleum is located approximately 10 feet south of Green Hills' northern property line. The properties north of the property line are located within the adjacent City of Lomita. According to the City of Lomita General Plan (1998) General Plan Map, the property adjacent to Green Hills in Lomita is designated Residential (High Density). Exhibit 3 provides photographs of the two uses on either side of the property line. 1.3 - Purpose of Analysis This analysis was conducted to determine if the typical noise levels generated on the Mausoleum rooftop meet applicable regulations and standards, as experienced at the residences within the adjacent multi -family condominium property known as "Vista Verde" (shown on Exhibit 3). In conducting this analysis, the following report will evaluate and analyze the acoustical qualities and sound levels generated by many activities occurring on Green Hills' grounds. On a preliminary basis, the activities that clearly generate the greatest levels of noise include mowing of the lawns, excavation, and preparation of burial sites, and backfilling burial sites. Other common operational activities that generate substantially lower levels of noise are voices associated with clients, visitors, FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 28 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Introduction and mourners, as well as sounds associated with musical accompaniments to certain burial services. An additional less -common source of noise is the occasional sounding of a bagpipe or gun salute conducted for the limited purposes of honorable burials and/or cultural traditions. These events are typically infrequent, and are limited to a few occurrences per year. FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 29 Herrrlusn Beach Ti7yl; RL: r� C211:S©17 d Lomita Park Project Site ,r r ry�iry S Palos Ueicles Est, es, Lf 411,1� gal°na Lomita Alta Lni-ro Park Coast 6otaniC Gal],•J Project Site Rolling Hills Estates ti,r5` tin 0a1rpkegray Park Palos Verdes Reservo George F Canyon open Space Martingale Traiilread Park Rolling Hills t��Carson ardatye Cast West Carson Harbor City Recreation Ceiraea Lnmila [31�J I E, -'ark Rancho Palos Verdes __ I Machado Lake Los Angeles Harbor Highlands Park 1 Leland F Peck Park Rena Park West Basin Jolrrr S Gibson Juni1, Linda Ptuh Los Angeles Main C Anderson Memorial Playgrowu.; Source: Census 2000 Data, The CaSIL. FirstCarborf � 3.000 1.500 0 3.000 Exhibit 1 SOLUTIONS Feet Project Location Map 26194029 • 0412014 i 1_location_map-mxd GRESHAM SAVAGE NOLAN & TILDEN • GREEN HILLS MEMORIAL PARK 7� °ugusILI11_. Page 30 x � � � w x z 3hllp AA3N dYB c i g �N 3 u1 E 9` fz i# i w sl g IS- N TRANQU LLU ku �i woos rnu - €n7t�rr. urs, � fP. 35ktle it +. iri C rcc N � N X :t=! W (n OZ -0 20M— o 4w= NJ .ho N. u7 August 12, 20 Page �ry Qo as �co W J �a J Q J_ W Z Z W w Z w J_ H o6 Z Q O Z w 0 U) Q 2 U) w Of a Q m E Y (D Q ED E CD E NI V Q N V 0 rn N O O O O N 14 31 co >+ C Xi W ^E' W O cn C� G L U U co 0- N E, 4- O 0) O O n rn c 0 Oz U) -0a 0 (� m mw m N In J E N. cn O August 12, 20 Page Z W J_ o6 Z ¢ O z W c9 a U) U) W 0-10 45 E N 75 m U (�4 N UI w U m CL c� 0 0 a M v 0 N 0 rn N O O O O N 14 32 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Noise Fundamentals Sound is produced by the vibration of sound pressure waves in the air. Noise is defined as unwanted sound. Sound becomes unwanted when it interferes with normal activities, causes actual physical harm, or has adverse effects on health. Under typical outdoor ambient conditions, where constantly varying noise levels are occurring over time, people typically cannot clearly perceive increases in ambient noise levels until that increase rises to approximately 5 dBA. More specifically, research into the human perception of sound level increases indicates the following, under clinical conditions: • A 1-dBA or less increase is difficult to perceive, • A 3-dBA increase is just perceptible, • A 5-dBA increase is clearly perceptible, and • A 10-dBA increase is perceived as being twice as loud. 2.1.1- Noise Descriptors Sound pressure levels are used to measure the intensity of sound and are described in terms of decibels. The decibel (dB) is a logarithmic unit, which expresses the ratio of the sound pressure level being measured to a standard reference level. A -weighted decibels (dBA) approximate the subjective response of the human ear to a broad frequency noise source by discriminating against very low and very high frequencies of the audible spectrum. They are adjusted to reflect only those frequencies that are audible to the human ear. Noise equivalent sound levels are not measured directly, but are calculated from sound pressure levels typically measured in dBA. The equivalent sound level (Leq) represents a steady state sound level containing the same total energy as a time varying signal over a given sample period, essentially an average. 2.1.2 - Tone Noise A pure tone noise is a noise produced at a single frequency and laboratory tests have shown that humans are more perceptible to changes in noise levels of a pure tone (Caltrans 1998). Tonal noises are individual sounds (such as pure tones) that, while not louder than permissible levels, may stand out in sound quality. Examples of tonal noise include equipment with rotating compressor vanes, fan blades, engine pistons, gear teeth, etc. A pure tone is the sound radiated by a source vibrating at a single discrete frequency. The most obvious example would be a tuning fork, while other examples include the striking of a piano key or plucking of a guitar string. 2.2 - Noise Propagation From the noise source to the receiver, noise changes both in level and frequency spectrum. The most obvious is the decrease in noise as the distance from the source increases. The manner in which noise reduces with distance depends on whether the source is a point or line source as well as ground absorption, atmospheric effects and refraction, and shielding by natural and manmade FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 33 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Noise Fundamentals features. Sound from point sources, such as air conditioning condensers, radiate uniformly outward as it travels away from the source in a spherical pattern. The noise drop-off rate associated with this geometric spreading is 6 dBA per each doubling of the distance (dBA/DD). Transportation noise sources such as roadways are typically analyzed as line sources, since at any given moment the receiver may be impacted by noise from multiple vehicles at various locations along the roadway. Because of the geometry of a line source, the noise drop-off rate associated with the geometric spreading of a line source is 3 dBA/DD. 2.3 - Ground Absorption The sound drop-off rate is highly dependent on the conditions of the land between the noise source and receiver. To account for this ground -effect attenuation (absorption), two types of site conditions are commonly used in noise models: soft -site and hard -site conditions. Soft -site conditions account for the sound propagation loss over natural surfaces such as normal earth and ground vegetation. For point sources, a drop-off rate of 7.5 dBA/DD is typically observed over soft ground with landscaping or a topographical depression, as compared with a 6.0 dBA/DD drop-off rate over hard ground such as asphalt, concrete, stone and very hard packed earth. For line sources a 4.5 dBA/DD is typically observed for soft -site conditions compared with the 3.0 dBA/DD drop-off rate for hard -site conditions. 2.4 - Noise Barrier Attenuation It is not uncommon for a properly designed and built noise control barrier to achieve a reduction of up to 10 dBA. Under ideal conditions and employing upgraded materials/design, noise levels can potentially be reduced by 15 dBA, or more. For a noise barrier to function properly, it must be tall and wide enough to block the view of the source, thereby breaking the line -of -sight from source to observer. A noise barrier is most effective when placed close to the noise source or receiver. FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 34 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Regulatory Setting Noise regulations are addressed through the efforts of various federal, state, and local government agencies. As described in Section 1.2, the study area is located within the cities of Rancho Palos Verdes and Lomita (source and receiver, respectively). Subsequently, the regulations from both will apply to the evaluation but in differing ways. The responsible agencies and their regulations that apply to this analysis are discussed below. 3.1- Federal Regulations There are no federal regulations that relate to this evaluation. 3.2 - State Regulations There are no state regulations that relate to this evaluation. 3.3 - Local Regulations The following regulations for the City of Rancho Palos Verdes relate to generators of noise; conversely, the following regulations for the City of Lomita relate to receivers of noise. 3.3.1- City of Rancho Palos Verdes Municipal Code The Sensory Environment Element of the City of Rancho Palos Verdes General Plan (1975) includes a Noise section. The section provides 12 policies (page 187). None of the policies apply to this evaluation. The City of Rancho Palos Verdes has not adopted a Noise Ordinance to implement its noise policies; however, the City's Municipal Code contains some provisions that regulate or limit noise relative to this evaluation. Those provisions are provided in Table 1. Table 1: Rancho Palos Verdes Municipal Code Section Provision 17.28.040 1 Deliveries and Mechanical Equipment. Where a cemetery district abuts a residential zoning district, all deliveries of goods and supplies; trash pick- up, including the use of parking lot trash sweepers; and the operation of machinery or mechanical equipment which emits noise levels in excess of sixty-five dBA, as measured from the closest property line to the equipment, shall only be allowed between the hours of seven a.m. and seven p.m., Monday through Sunday, unless otherwise specified in an approved conditional use permit or other discretionary approval. FirstCarbon Solutions 8 H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 35 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Table 1 (cont.): Rancho Palos Verdes Municipal Code Regulatory Setting Section Provision 17.56.020 B Hours of Operation. It is unlawful to carry on construction, grading or landscaping activities or to operate heavy equipment except between the hours of seven a.m. and seven p.m. Monday through Saturday. No such activity shall be permitted on Sunday or legal holidays, unless a special construction permit is obtained from the director. Said permit must be requested at least forty-eight hours before such work is to begin. Emergency work and residential activities, such as lawn mowing, gardening (without the use of weed and debris blowers), and minor home repair/maintenance, shall be exempted from this restriction. The hours of operation for weed and debris blowers are specified in Chapter 8.16 (Weed and Debris Blowers) of this Code.' 8.16.10 Times and manner of prohibited use. It is unlawful for any person to use or operate a mechanical blower before eight a.m. or after five p.m. Monday through Friday, or before nine a.m. or after four p.m. on Saturday or at any time on Sundays, or national holidays. It is further unlawful for any person operating any type of mechanical blower to blow cuttings, refuse or debris onto a neighboring property or into a street, gutter or drain. A mechanical blower shall include any device used, designed or operated to produce a current of air by fuel, electricity or other means to push, propel or blow cuttings, refuse or debris. Note: ' According to Section 17.96.1020, "'Landscaping' means the planting and continued maintenance of ornamental plant material; the installation, use and continued maintenance of a permanent irrigation system; the continued maintenance of ornamental rock gardens or rockscape, not including natural soil or earth, and/or artificial landscaping provided the underlying sub -surface is pervious to allow for percolation." 3.3.2 - Green Hills' Conditional Use Permit Green Hills is further regulated by site-specific requirements provided in Appendix B of the Conditional Use Permit (Conditions of Approval Case No. ZON2003-00086 [Green Hills Memorial Park Cemetery Master Plan Revision]). The following noise -related regulations from that document are pertinent: Any live and/or amplified music shall occur only during funeral services, community events, or visits. Funeral services music and community event music shall be limited to the duration of the service or event. In no case shall the live and/or amplified music exceed 65 dBA at the common property lines abutting a Residential Zoning District. The noise level shall be enforced by the neighbors through civil means. Construction and grading activities, including but not limited to equipment warm up, geologic investigations, interment excavation for placement of vaults and installation or removal of large landscape materials shall be limited to daytime working hours (7:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.) on weekdays only. Excavation for removal and replacement of vault tops for funeral service preparation, individual placement of vaults for funeral services and operation of FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 36 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Regulatory Setting landscape maintenance equipment shall be allowed in any area of the park between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. Monday through Friday, and between 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. on Saturday, Sunday, and Federally observed Holidays. No construction or grading, including grading operations to prepare sites for ground burials, shall occur before 9:00 a.m. or after 3:30 p.m. within 120 feet of any property line abutting a Residential Zoning District. All equipment shall be equipped with a muffler to reduce on-site grading and construction noise levels. 3.3.3 - City of Lomita The City of Lomita Municipal Code Noise Ordinance includes provisions that regulate noise generation and reception; however, the provisions apply only to noises created from within the City of Lomita. In this case, the noise is created from outside those city limits, and instead from within the City of Rancho Palos Verdes; thus, none of the City of Lomita's restrictions are applicable. Although the City of Lomita's relevant Municipal Code Noise Ordinances do not apply to Green Hills, they are nonetheless included here to provide a basis for comparing and evaluating reasonably acceptable norms and standards for noise levels within residential areas. Thus, the City of Lomita's regulations are included in Table 2, but do not have any regulatory bearing on Green Hills or this evaluation. Table 2: Lomita Municipal Code' Section Provision 4-4.04 (a) It shall be unlawful and a misdemeanor, subject to punishment in accordance with section 1-2.01 et seq. of this Code, for any person within the City of Lomita to produce or cause to allow to be produced noise which is received on property occupied by another person within the designated region, in excess of the following levels, except as expressly provided otherwise herein: Designated Region Time Sound Level dBA Residential Area Day2 65 4-4.04 (b) At the boundary line between a residential property and a commercial and/or manufacturing property, the noise level of the quieter zone shall be used. Corrections to noise limits. The numerical limits given in subsection (a) above shall be adjusted by the following corrections, where appropriate: Noise Condition Correction (in dB) (3) Noise occurring more than 5 but less than 15 +5 minutes per hour (4) Noise occurring more than 1 but less than 5 +10 minutes per hour (5) Noise occurring less than 1 minute per hour +20 Notes: 1 According to Section 4-4.02 (c), "Day shall mean the time period from 7:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m." z As noted, these provisions do not have any regulatory application to Green Hills or to this evaluation. They are included here as a point of reference for discussion later in this document. FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx 10 August 12, 2014 Page 37 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Sampled Noise Conditions To ascertain the existing noise conditions, two site evaluations were conducted; each included periodic noise monitoring. The samples taken were of activities commonly occurring at Green Hills that are known to generate the highest levels of noise in the subject vicinity. The following describes the measurement procedures, measurement locations, and measurement results. 4.1 - Measurement Procedure and Criteria Both field -monitoring visits were conducted on two Thursdays, April 11 and 18, 2014. The field survey noted that ambient noise within the area of the rooftop of the Mausoleum is generally comprised of birds chirping, occasional overflights by small aircraft and traffic noise emanating from Western Avenue (which, depending on location, ranged from imperceptible to just noticeable). 4.1.1- Noise Measurement Equipment Noise monitoring was performed using an Extech Model 407780 Type 2 integrating sound level meter. The Extech meter was programmed in "slow" mode to record the sound pressure level at 1 -second intervals in A -weighted form. The sound level meter and microphone was mounted approximately 5 feet above the ground and equipped with a windscreen during all measurements. The sound level meter was calibrated before monitoring using an Extech calibrator, Model 407766. The noise level measurement equipment meets American National Standards Institute (ANSI) specifications for sound level meters (S1.4-1983 identified in Chapter 19.68.020.AA). 4.1.2 - Noise Measurement Locations One reading was conducted at the rooftop of the Pacific Terrace Mausoleum to establish a location - specific ambient (i.e., no equipment) noise level. Since the rest of the monitoring, in this instance, was conducted with the intent to determine the noise levels emitted by commonly used equipment, their locations were incidental. (To make such a determination, measurements are taken both with and without the subject noise source so that the ambient level can later be mathematically removed, thereby leaving the isolated equipment -specific level.) 4.1.3 - Noise Measurement Timing and Climate The noise measurements taken on April 11, 2014 were recorded between approximately 11:30 a.m. and 1:30 p.m.; during noise monitoring, wind conditions were relatively calm (1 to 4 mph). The noise measurements taken on April 18, 2014 were recorded between approximately 2:00 p.m. and 3:30 p.m.; during noise monitoring, wind conditions were relatively slightly breezy (±5 mph). 4.2 - Noise Measurement Results A total of six noise measurements were performed during two site visits. Each monitoring session ran for a minimum duration of 15 minutes, or until the activity was concluded (thereby best representing the full impact). Upon initial inspection, the onsite acoustical inspector's observations FirstCarbon Solutions 11 H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 38 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Sampled Noise Conditions found that Green Hills' mechanical equipment was relatively modern, and appeared to be well maintained and functioning properly; clanking was minimal partially attributed to experienced operators. The mufflers on the heavy equipment (i.e., tractors/ backhoes) were noted to be exceptionally effective at reducing noise produced by the motors. Descriptions of the measurements and the results are provided below, in Table 3. Table 3: Noise Level Measurement Results Approx. Site Location Date Time 1 Rooftop of Pacific Terrace Mausoleu m at northern edge 2 N/A2 3 N/A2 4 N/A2 04-11-14 12:00 p.m 04-11-14 12:37 p.m. 04-11-14 12:37 p.m. Source Description This was a control reading to determine baseline or ambient (without equipment) noise conditions around the vicinity of the rooftop of the Pacific Terrace Mausoleum and establish a baseline for comparison with readings 2 and 3. No significant abnormalities were observed during the sampling period. This reading includes all activities and pieces of equipment associated with a typical plot excavation and preparation. This includes a tractor/ backhoe for digging, tractor with mechanized trailer for depositing dirt, and between two to three workers. No significant abnormalities were observed during the sampling period. This reading includes all activities and pieces of equipment associated with a typical plot backfill. This includes a tractor/backhoe for filling dirt, tractor with mechanized trailer for delivering fill dirt, and between two to three workers. No significant abnormalities were observed during the sampling period. 04-18-14 2:00 p.m. This reading includes mowing activity occurring within an area roughly the size of the grassy area on the rooftop of the Pacific Terrace Mausoleum. The mower was a motorized push - type, the same that is used on the mausoleum rooftop grass. No significant abnormalities were observed during the sampling period. FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx Approx. Distance (feet) N/Al 50 503 50 dBA Leq 52.2 57.6 62.33 64.2 12 August 12, 2014 Page 39 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Table 3 (cont.): Noise Level Measurement Results Approx. Site Location Date Time 5 N/Az 04-18-14 2:30 p.m. 6 N/Az 04-18-14 3:00 p.m. Source Description This reading includes pure mower noise; the motor was running at mowing speed but the unit was kept stationary. The mower was a motorized push -type, the same that is used on the Mausoleum rooftop grass. One light aircraft overflight during the sampling period; this was not considered significant. This was a control reading to determine baseline or ambient (without equipment) noise conditions for comparison with readings 4 and 5. No significant abnormalities were observed during the sampling period; however, this control reading is higher than the previous one as a result of this site's exposure to Western Avenue (a distance of approximately 400 ft).4 Sampled Noise Conditions Approx. Distance (feet) dBA L., 50 64.4 N/Al 61.54 Note: 1 Since ambient conditions at a specific locale were being measured, distance is not applicable. z Measurements conducted for the purpose of isolating equipment/operations noise levels are not location -specific since they are relative to their control reading; however, relational readings were conducted in the same vicinity. 3 This distance and corresponding reading have been modeled to normalize the distance to 50 feet for purposes of comparison (see Appendix A for calculation output). The reading was physically conducted at a distance of 30 feet from the source, which resulted in a monitored level of 66.7 dBA Leq. 4 The ultimate level of the control readings is not relevant; rather, its relation to the associated with -activity level is. Both conditions included the roadway traffic noise, which would not inhibit the goal of isolating the equipment noise. N/A = not applicable FirstCarbon Solutions 13 H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 40 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Offsite Impacts This section will analyze noise generated on and around the rooftop of the Pacific Terrace Mausoleum, located on Green Hills' property, and will evaluate the extent to which that noise carries off-site and into neighboring properties. To perform this analysis, the noise specific to Green Hills' activities was separated from the ambient noise levels presented in Table 3. The mathematically isolated activity -specific noise levels were then modeled to distances representing the affected residential use to the north of the Pacific Terrace Mausoleum. Those levels were then evaluated against the pertinent noise regulations, discussed in Section 3. 5.1- Activity Noise Level Isolation To determine the level of noise specific to an activity that is affecting a receiver, the noise generated by that activity must be isolated from the natural ambient noise levels occurring at the same time, as well any vicinity -specific features (e.g., topography, surrounding structures). The final activity - specific values derived in this section can then be applied to various ambient and vicinity -specific locales, via modeling, to estimate outcomes. The appropriate calculations were performed and the results are presented in Table 4. Table 4: Isolated Facility Operations Noise Levels' In evaluating these results, the following key points should be considered: • The values discussed under "activity" conditions are all-inclusive in that they contain not just the heavy equipment but also all of the movement and even human activity and communication (including walkie-talkie chirps and voices). • While there are other noise -generating activities that take place on the rooftop of the Mausoleum, these activities either produce substantially less noise or are exceedingly rare in occurrence. For example, when clients are shown around the Mausoleum rooftop grounds by sales associates, or when people attend a burial, conversations take place. According to the FirstCarbon Solutions 14 H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 41 At a distance of 50 ft. Corresponding Control Isolated Activity Reading (Measured Ambient Control Reading + Noise Level Activity Description Noise Level) (dBA LeQ) Activity (dBA LeQ) (dBA LeQ) Plot excavation and preparation 52.2 57.6 56.1 Plot backfill 52.2 62.3 61.9 Mowing (1 mower) 61.5 64.2 60.9 Notes: 1 See Appendix A for calculation output. z This value was derived by logarithmically multiplying the isolated level of the monitored mower by two. In evaluating these results, the following key points should be considered: • The values discussed under "activity" conditions are all-inclusive in that they contain not just the heavy equipment but also all of the movement and even human activity and communication (including walkie-talkie chirps and voices). • While there are other noise -generating activities that take place on the rooftop of the Mausoleum, these activities either produce substantially less noise or are exceedingly rare in occurrence. For example, when clients are shown around the Mausoleum rooftop grounds by sales associates, or when people attend a burial, conversations take place. According to the FirstCarbon Solutions 14 H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 41 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Offsite Impacts United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), typical conversations register between 50 to 60 dBA, at a few feet. • Some burial services may include musical accompaniments and/or gun salutes that occasionally generate momentary periods of increased sound. Music, as a part of the mourning process, could range from a Ione harpist, bagpipes, to a small mariachi band. Considering the unique nature of these uses, it is unlikely that any two events are alike which constrains the predictability of future events. Available reference noise levels for one of the noisier music activities, such as mariachi bands, were not indicative of the type of events that occur on the Green Hills grounds. Further, unlike hours -long public or commercial concerts, the duration of the subject musical sessions is typically only a few minutes, while one or two compositions are played. 5.2 - Modeled Impacts As noted previously, the isolated activity -specific noise levels presented in Table 4 are generic with regard to locale or circumstances. Without additional parameters, they do not necessarily represent noise levels at 50 feet outside Green Hills' Hills' property limits but rather simply noise levels at 50 feet. To determine noise levels specific to the multi -family residential use north of the Mausoleum, additional modeling was performed. The modeling accounted for site-specific conditions such as distances, elevations, topographical differences between the source and receivers, ground absorptive properties, in addition to other variables. Using that data, in addition to reference noise levels for other analyzed activities, the appropriate calculations were performed and the results are presented in Table 5. Table 5: Modeled Impacts at Multi -Family Residential Exterior' Facility Operation or Reference Noise Level (dBA Lea) Accounting for Site - Notes: 1 See Appendix A for calculation output. 2 Noise sources modeled as emanating from ten feet from the property line, as it is the closest possible point at which work could be carried out. Further, the observer is placed at ground level. 3 As a point of comparison, a typical gas -powered leaf blower produces noise levels of 69.0; 73.9; 72.1; 66.7; and 69.4 (to be read concurrently with the columns set forth in the above chart). Although this equipment is not used on the Mausoleum, it is representative of noisy equipment typically allowed and deemed acceptable for use in residential areas. FirstCarbon Solutions 15 H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 42 Specific Parameters ata Isolated Facility Operation or Farthest (Directly Pool Area Reference Noise Affected) (at Distance of Level(dBA LeJ at Property Line Nearest Balcony Balcony Jacuzzi) Activity Description 50 feet (8 feet)2 (35 feet) (65 feet) (20 feet) Plot excavation and preparation 56.1 61.0 59.2 53.8 57.2 Plot backfill 61.9 66.8 65.0 59.6 62.3 Mowing (1 mower) 60.9 65.8 64.0 58.6 61.3 Conversation - 2 people 30.6 40.4 38.7 33.3 36.0 Conversation - 64 people 48.6 58.4 56.7 51.3 54.0 Notes: 1 See Appendix A for calculation output. 2 Noise sources modeled as emanating from ten feet from the property line, as it is the closest possible point at which work could be carried out. Further, the observer is placed at ground level. 3 As a point of comparison, a typical gas -powered leaf blower produces noise levels of 69.0; 73.9; 72.1; 66.7; and 69.4 (to be read concurrently with the columns set forth in the above chart). Although this equipment is not used on the Mausoleum, it is representative of noisy equipment typically allowed and deemed acceptable for use in residential areas. FirstCarbon Solutions 15 H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 42 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Offsite Impacts In evaluating these results, the following key points should be considered: • As shown above, the plot excavation activity generates the least amount of noise; this corresponds with the acoustical inspector's field observations. The highest noise -generating activity occurs when there are multiple lawn mowers active at one time, which corresponds with field observations, although we understand multiple mowers never operate simultaneously on the Mausoleum rooftop. Mowing typically occurs a maximum of once per week, for approximately 15 minutes (comparable to residential yard maintenance). • With regard to conversations, using 60 dBA as a reference, the noise levels at the four modeled receptors (property line, nearest balcony, farthest balcony and pool area) are 40.4, 38.7, 33.3, and 36.0 dBA Leq (see Appendix A for calculation output). In the case of a burial, assuming conservatively that the level of conversation increases by 3 dBA per doubling of people, at 16 people, the level would be 72 dBA at 3 feet. At the property line, this amount of conversation translates to 52.4 dBA Leq. With 32 people talking simultaneously, the level would be 75 dBA at 3 feet, and 55.4 dBA Leq at the property line. With 64 people talking simultaneously near the northern edge of the Mausoleum roof, the noise level at the property line would be 58.4 dBA. • As described in footnote 3 of Table 5, the gas -powered leaf blower—which is not in use on the Mausoleum rooftop — was included in the footnote to the table as a matter of comparison to evaluate the level of noise generally considered permissible within residential neighborhoods during much of the day according to the Municipal Code. Table 5 also shows what those permissible noise levels would be at the four subject receiver locations. • Although the pool area and property line of the adjacent residences are closer than the exposed balconies, their noise levels are lower because of the elevation difference, relative to the noise source. The Mausoleum essentially acts as a noise barrier to the ground level locations. The further away from the Mausoleum, however, the less shielding is afforded. Without running detailed interior noise calculations (which would require at a minimum rough floor plans and a basic construction materials list), interior noise levels can only be estimated based on industry standards and estimates. For example, if the units were built within roughly the last 25 years, it would be safe to assume construction methods were used that yield a 12-dBA reduction with windows open and a 20-dBA reduction with windows closed. Based on those industry norms, noise levels within the multi -family residential structure are roughly estimated in Table 6. FirstCarbon Solutions 16 H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 43 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Offsite Impacts Table 6: Rough Estimates of Interior Noise Levels at Multi -Family Residential' Condition Activity Description Farthest (directly affected) Plot excavation and preparation Balcony (65 feet) Plot backfill Windows Mowing (1 mower) Open 52.0 46.6 Conversation — 2 people 21.3 Conversation — 64 people Plot excavation and preparation Plot backfill Windows Mowing (1 mower) Closed Conversation — 2 people Conversation — 64 people Isolated Activity Noise Level (dBA Lej at° Nearest Balcony Farthest (directly affected) (35 feet) Balcony (65 feet) 47.2 41.8 53.0 47.6 52.0 46.6 26.7 21.3 44.7 39.3 39.2 33.8 45.0 39.6 44.0 38.6 18.7 13.3 36.7 31.3 Notes: 1 The values in this table are rough estimates based on required California building requirements. 2 Standard building practices conservatively yield a minimum of 12 dBA reduction with windows open. 3 Standard building practices conservatively yield a minimum of 20 dBA reduction with windows closed. 4 As a point of comparison, a typical gas -powered leaf blower produces noise levels of 60.1 and 54.7 with windows open and 52.1 and 46.7 windows closed (to be read concurrently with the columns set forth in the above chart). Although this equipment is not used on the Mausoleum, it is representative of noisy equipment typically allowed and deemed acceptable for use in residential areas. 5.3 - Comparison with Applicable Regulations As discussed in Section 3, the only noise -related regulations relevant to the activities at Green Hills are those established by the City of Rancho Palos Verdes Municipal Code and aforementioned CUP. Those provisions primarily control the times during which certain activities can and cannot take place. The acoustical inspector did not observe violations of any of the aforementioned regulations during the site visit. Although not applicable here and for the purposes of comparison only, the City of Lomita's Municipal Code has a 65 dBA Leq residential standard. According to Table 5, noise levels at the nearest balconies do not exceed this level. In light of the analysis above and according to the regulations, Green Hills appears to be operating in compliance with all applicable regulatory provisions with respect to the sound and noise generated from activities on the Mausoleum roof. Although no mandatory improvements are necessary, some further improvements and procedures may provide for additional sound attenuation benefits, thereby further reducing sound impacts on neighboring properties. Included below is a list of potential recommended methods for reducing noise levels associated with the Mausoleum rooftop activities. FirstCarbon Solutions 17 H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 44 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Offsite Impacts 5.4 - Regulatory Requirements, Recommendations, and Measures to Be Taken As the analysis above shows, Green Hills operates in full compliance with all relevant federal, state and local regulations, codes and requirements. Notwithstanding this, Green Hills has expressed an interest in evaluating measures that may further reduce sounds generated from the Mausoleum as heard by the residents at the adjacent multi -family residential use. Some basic steps could include: • Restricting the oldest/loudest of equipment from the Mausoleum rooftop; • Shifting, to the extent possible, excavation/backfill/mowing activities to a time during the day/week that residents agree is least intrusive; • Alerting potentially affected residents in advance of services that will include extraordinary noise events (e.g., bag pipes, gun salutes); and • Purchasing electric mowers for use in the noise sensitive areas (considering mowing is among the loudest of activities). While hard to quantify, qualitatively the above listed methods could result in dramatic improvements relative to the cost/effort required to implement. Beyond these obvious steps, Green Hills has also inquired about other potential measures for further achieving additional acoustical reductions. These potential measures include (i) installation of a sounds wall, (ii) temporary sound walls, (iii) temporary band shells, (iv) customized or improved temporary tents, (v) upgrade existing mowers to electric or muffled mowers, (iv) and temporary privacy panels and/or hedges. Obviously, one of the highest performing methods of sound reduction is the use of permanent noise control barriers, which could include the installation of a block wall, a transparent glass barrier, or a substantial reinforced fence. For consideration purposes, Table 7 indicates the noise levels modeled at the four aforementioned receivers with the inclusion of a 6 -foot solid barrier erected at the edge of the Mausoleum roof. Table 7: Modeled Impacts at Multi -Family Residential Exterior with 6 -Foot Barrier' FirstCarbon Solutions 18 H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 45 Isolated Activity Noise Level (dBA L,J ata Farthest (directly Pool Area Property Line Nearest Balcony affected) Balcony (at distance of Jacuzzi) Activity Description (8 feet)' (35 feet) (65 feet) (20 feet) Plot excavation and 58.0 44.9 39.4 48.0 preparation Plot backfill 59.0 50.7 45.2 52.9 Mowing (1 mower) 58.0 49.7 44.2 51.9 Conversation — 2 people 32.6 24.4 18.9 26.6 Conversation — 64 people 55.4 42.4 42.4 36.9 FirstCarbon Solutions 18 H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 45 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Offsite Impacts Table 7 (cont.): Modeled Impacts at Multi -Family Residential Exterior with 6 -Foot Barrier' Isolated Activity Noise Level (dBA LeJ ata Farthest (directly Pool Area Property Line Nearest Balcony affected) Balcony (at distance of Jacuzzi) Activity Description (8 feet)' (35 feet) (65 feet) (20 feet) Notes: 1 See Appendix A for calculation output. ' Noise sources modeled as emanating from ten feet from the property line, as it is the closest possible point at which work could be carried out. Further, the observer is placed at ground level. 3 As a point of comparison, a typical gas -powered leaf blower produces noise levels of 66.1; 57.8; 52.3; and 60.0 (to be read concurrently with the columns set forth in the above chart). Although this equipment is not used on the Mausoleum, it is representative of noisy equipment typically allowed and deemed acceptable for use in residential areas. A comparison of the values in Table 5 and Table 7 demonstrates the effectiveness of such a barrier. However, a permanent barrier, even one made of transparent material, may not be acceptable to the adjacent residents given that they would block some degree of light and viewshed. Table 8 provides an overview of some of our other recommended sound attenuation measures, along with a brief description of the possible benefits and constraints of each recommended measure. Table 8: Sound Reduction Method Comparison Method Benefits Constraints Sound wall From an acoustical perspective, An earthen berm is physically A true sound wall barrier would any of the sound wall types listed impractical as a result of space have to be four pounds per would be result in substantial availability. square foot of face area and sound attenuation benefits. contain no cutouts or line -of -sight A wall constructed of stucco openings (between source and As indicated in Table 7, a six-foot veneer over wood framing and/or receiver). wall could reduce noise by masonry block are potentially roughly 10 to 15 dBA. costly and could impact views. Any or any combination of the following materials would work: Masonry block. Stucco veneer over wood framing (or foam core), or 1 inch thick tongue and groove wood of sufficient weight per square foot. Glass (%-inch thick), or other transparent material with sufficient weight per square foot Walls of greater heights could achieve higher reductions, but relative performance per foot is reduced once the line of sight is broken. Glass walls are costly, and the transparent qualities can be impaired by weathering and wear over time. A sound wall would serve to To perform properly, the line -of - attenuate the greatest range of sight (between source and noise sources. receiver) must be broken, requiring any wall to extend beyond the limits of the actual rooftop (parallel to the property line). FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx 19 August 12, 2014 Page 46 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Offsite Impacts Table 8 (cont.): Sound Reduction Method Comparison Method Temporary walls Modular wall systems that are installed temporarily for locale - specific noise reduction. Benefits Glass-type walls could preserve some of the existing view and light -access. Certain sound wall types are a proven sound reduction method, allowed by CUP. Temporary wall units are temporary and portable. Visual obstruction is temporary Can provide up to a 25-d BA reduction. Units can be purchased, rented and/or customized. FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx Constraints Since the Mausoleum structure was not initially engineered for a sound barrier wall, engineering issues could be encountered and further costs incurred. The cost of such a barrier could be prohibitive, and may vary substantially depending on the type of barrier. Some wall unit weighs as much as three-quarters of a ton, potentially making quick setup and removal impractical. Any equipment required to move and set up the temporary walls would be a new source of noise. Visual impact while in use. Will not necessarily eliminate all sources of noise (e.g., grading, mowing, voices of visitors or sales representatives). Noise generated during each setup and teardown of walls (including driving of plugs into ground). Requires several feet of clearance for legs in each direction, which could pose space constraints at the Mausoleum's edges. May be impractical given difficulty of setup and removal. Wind could pose a safety hazard. Potentially cost prohibitive. 20 August 12, 2014 Page 47 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Offsite Impacts Table 8 (cont.): Sound Reduction Method Comparison Method Band shells Portable band shells that could be moved based on need. Portable framed screen A mobile screen made of a variety of materials such as a dense rubber material or sound blanket. Benefits Temporary and portable A dome and/or fold up panel offer minimal visual impact. The fold up panel, which is designed for theater/stage use, could offer noticeable noise reduction. If attached to a trailer, may require minimal/temporary installation or set-up time. An approximate 10 dBA reduction, or more, depending upon material and design. Temporary and portable. Potentially an affordable option, heavily dependent upon frame design and materials requirements. Visual obstruction is temporary Specifically, the Echo Barrier (green panel shown left) is marketed as offering: • Superior acoustic performance (10 to 20 dB reduction; see Table 9) • Industrial durability • Simple and quick installation system • Lightweight for easy handling FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx Constraints Noise reduction benefits would va ry. A dome shaped shell may offer little in the way of acoustical attenuation given the type of material typically used for this kind of product, particularly if it needs to be erected and removed quickly. The noise reduction properties of the fold -up panels are unknown (not advertised for environmental noise reduction but rather theater/stage use). The trailer would likely itself be a new source of noise during setup and teardown. Depending on type, potentially impractical with regards to setup and tear -down. Wind could pose a safety hazard. Depending on type, cost prohibitive (e.g., trailers cost upwards of $80,000). Potential new source of noise during setup and teardown. Wind could pose a problem or potential safety hazard. Visual obstruction during use and setup/teardown. Specifically, the Echo Barrier panels (green panel shown left) would require a frame (potentially custom designed) that would be transported, along with the panels, and setup/torn-down for each use. 21 August 12, 2014 Page 48 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Offsite Impacts Table 8 (cont.): Sound Reduction Method Comparison Method As an example, the green material shown below is produced by Acoustical Surfaces, Inc. and is called Echo Barrier. Each panel measures 54" x 78". (http://www.acousticalsurfaces.com /tempora ry-barrier/echo- barrier.html?gclid=CLWrp5gCub4CF YlhfgodXCcA1Q) Tents Outdoor event tents (See Echo Barrier, described above, for description of green panel cover material, shown in example below.) Benefits • Unique roll -up design for compact storage and transportation • Ability to add branding or messages • Weatherproof With tarp -type covering, voice levels could be marginally reduced. Using an advanced or customized tent/material, appreciable noise reductions could be achieved (relative to sources within the tent area). Minimal to moderate visual impact, depending on type. FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx Constraints Little to no acoustical music noise reduction would result with tarp - type covering; will not necessarily eliminate all sources of noise (e.g., grading, mowing, voices of visitors or sales representatives). For sound reduction benefits, the tent fabric/material would need to be specially designed or customized, such as the type of material offered by the Echo Barrier. 22 August 12, 2014 Page 49 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Offsite Impacts Table 8 (cont.): Sound Reduction Method Comparison Method Electric or muffled mower Replace gas -powered push mowers currently in use with electric or muffled units. Privacy screens/panels and hedges �J Benefits Approximately 3 to 4 dBA quieter (@ 50 ft), per unit, than comparable gas mower (see Table 10). Addresses the loudest of the noise sources. Potentially low and temporary visual impact. Relatively lightweight, easy to move. Minimal noise generated during setup or teardown. Constraints Only addresses one noise source. Costs may be incurred for buying duplicate equipment and adjusting maintenance practices. No appreciable noise reduction. The wall-like screens are not solid or dense enough to offer appreciable noise reduction. Same applies to the hedges; live vegetation requires rows of dense foliage to result in a measurable reduction. Table 9 indicates estimated noise levels at the four aforementioned receivers with the use of a noise reducing portable panel material, discussed in Table 8. FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-)N)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx 23 August 12, 2014 Page 50 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Offsite Impacts Table 9: Estimated Impacts at Multi -Family Residential Exterior Using Echo Barrier 1,2 Isolated Activity Noise Level (dBA Ley) ata Farthest (directly Pool Area Property Line Nearest Balcony affected) Balcony (at distance of Activity Description (8 feet)' (35 feet) (65 feet) Jacuzzi) (20 feet) Plot excavation and 41.0 to 51.0 39.2 to 49.2 33.8 to 43.8 37.2 to 47.2 preparation Plot backfill 46.8 to 56.8 45.0 to 55.0 39.6 to 49.6 42.3 to 52.3 Mowing (1 mower) 45.8 to 55.8 44.0 to 54.0 38.6 to 48.6 41.3 to 51.3 Conversation - 2 people 20.4 to 30.4 18.7 to 28.7 13.3 to 23.3 16.0 to 26.0 Conversation - 64 people 38.4 to 48.4 36.7 to 46.7 31.3 to 41.3 34.0 to 44.0 Notes: 1 Levels based on manufacturer estimations. 2 Echo Barrier is an example material referenced in Table 8. 3 Noise sources modeled as emanating from ten feet from the property line, as it is the closest possible point at which work could be carried out. Further, the observer is placed at ground level. Table 10 indicates the noise levels modeled at the four aforementioned receivers, using manufacturer -provided noise data for an electric mower. Table 10: Modeled Impacts at Multi -Family Residential Exterior Using Electric Mower' 5.5 - Recommendation In its efforts to further reduce sound levels sourced from the onsite activities shown in Table 11, Green Hills could consider implementing the associated acoustical attenuation measure. Firstcarbon Solutions 24 H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 51 Isolated Activity Noise Level (dBA Lej at I Farthest (directly Pool Area Property Line Nearest Balcony affected) Balcony (at distance of Jacuzzi) Activity Description (8(8 feet)'(35 feet) (65 feet) (20 feet) Mowing (1 electric mower) 62.8 61.0 55.6 58.3 Notes: 1 See Appendix A for calculation output. 2 Noise sources modeled as emanating from ten feet from the property line, as it is the closest possible point at which work could be carried out. Further, the observer is placed at ground level. 5.5 - Recommendation In its efforts to further reduce sound levels sourced from the onsite activities shown in Table 11, Green Hills could consider implementing the associated acoustical attenuation measure. Firstcarbon Solutions 24 H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 51 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Offsite Impacts Table 11: Attenuation Measures to be Implemented Activity Description All Activities Burial Services Mowing Excavation/Backfill Attenuation Measure to Be Implemented Limited viable attenuation options available if barrier needs to be temporary (i.e., easily erected and removed); effective temporary noise barriers could be constructed as needed using the aforementioned Echo Barrier, or similar product with equivalent performance ratings (i.e., 10 to 20 dB reduction), that are built to completely block the line -of -sight between noise source (subject activity) and noise receiver. Recommend that Green Hills continues to use only one gas- or electric - powered mower during mowing activities on the Mausoleum rooftop. Recommend Green Hills replace machinery that is defective or malfunctioning in a manner that is causing abnormal noises or noise levels with properly functioning machinery or, when feasible, non -mechanized methods. FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx 25 August 12, 2014 Page 52 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study References Lomita, City of. December 1998. City of Lomita General Plan. Website: http://www.lomita.com /cityhall/citygov/pzbs/. Accessed April 24, 2014. Lomita, City of. July 1, 2013. Municipal Code City of Lomita. Website: https:Hlibrary.municode.com /index.aspx?clientld=14960. Accessed April 24, 2014. OSHA. August 2011. OSHA Fact Sheet. Website: https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory /OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf. Accessed April 24, 2014. Rancho Palos Verdes, City of. As amended through August 2001. Rancho Palos Verdes General Plan, and associated Environmental Impact Report. Website: http://www.palosverdes.com /rpv/planning/content/general_description_of_planning_and_building_documents_.cfm. Accessed April 24, 2014. Rancho Palos Verdes, City of. May 7, 2013. Rancho Palos Verdes Municipal Code. Website: http://www.palosverdes.com/rpv/cityclerk/munidatabase/index.cfm. Accessed April 24, 2014. FirstCarbon Solutions 26 H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 53 EXHIBIT B 1218-495 -- 213829.1 August 12, 2014 Page 54 North America I Europe I Australia I Asia 1W www. First Carbon SoIuIions. con i r Memo Date: July 6, 2014 To: Tom Frew, Controller From: Philip Ault, Noise & Air Quality Scientist rdrst,aiUUn° S0LUT10NS Subject: Supplemental Noise Impact Analysis of the Ventilation Fan Operation of the Green Hills Memorial Park in Rancho Palos Verdes, California This technical memorandum is provided as a supplement to the Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study dated June 24, 2014. That report evaluated noise impacts associated with typical onsite operations and uses occurring on the rooftop of Green Hills' Pacific Terrace Mausoleum ("Mausoleum"), including the mowing of lawns, excavation, and preparation of burial sites, backfilling burial sites, and other common operational activities like people talking and musical accompaniments to certain burial services. This technical memorandum supplements that report by providing additional evaluation and analysis of the potential noise impacts associated with the operation of the mechanical ventilation fan located on the northern (posterior) wall of the Mausoleum along Green Hills' property line. Regulatory Setting The City of Rancho Palos Verdes operational noise performance standards that are applicable to this analysis are contained in the Noise Ordinance of the Municipal Code.' Section 17.28.0401 contains the City's nighttime noise performance standards for deliveries and mechanical equipment in cemetery districts, which states: "Where a cemetery district abuts a residential zoning district, all deliveries of goods and supplies; trash pick-up, including the use of parking lot trash sweepers; and the operation of machinery or mechanical equipment which emits noise levels in excess of sixty-five dBA, as measured from the closest property line to the equipment, shall only be allowed between the hours of seven a.m. and seven p.m., Monday through Sunday, unless otherwise specified in an approved conditional use permit or other discretionary approval." 1 Rancho Palos Verdes, City of. May 7, 2013. Rancho Palos Verdes Municipal Code. August 12, 2014 Page 55 Tom Frew, Controller July 6, 2014 Page 2 The City does not have a stated daytime noise performance standard for cemetery districts. The City of Lomita Municipal Code Noise Ordinance includes provisions that regulate noise generation and reception; however, the provisions apply only to noises created from within the City of Lomita. Although the City of Lomita's relevant Municipal Code Noise Ordinances do not apply to Green Hills, they are nonetheless included here to provide a basis for comparing and evaluating reasonably acceptable norms and standards for noise levels within residential areas. Section 4-4.04 (a) of the City of Lomita's Municipal Code states: "It shall be unlawful and a misdemeanor, subject to punishment in accordance with section 1- 2.01 et seq. of this Code, for any person within the City of Lomita to produce or cause to allow to be produced noise which is received on property occupied by another person within the designated region, in excess of the following levels, except as expressly provided otherwise herein: Sound Level Designated Region Time (dBA) Residential Area Day 65 Noise Fundamentals Noise is usually defined as unwanted sound. Noise consists of any sound that may produce physiological or psychological damage and/or interfere with communication, work, rest, recreation, or sleep. Several noise measurement scales exist that are used to describe noise in a particular location. A decibel (dB) is a unit of measurement that indicates the relative intensity of a sound. The 0 point on the dB scale is based on the lowest sound level that the healthy, unimpaired human ear can detect. Changes of 3 dB or less are only perceptible in laboratory environments. Audible increases in noise levels generally refer to a change of 3 dB or more, as this level has been found to be barely perceptible to the human ear in outdoor environments. Only audible changes in existing ambient or background noise levels are considered potentially significant. Sound levels in dB are calculated on a logarithmic basis. An increase of 10 dB represents a 10 -fold increase in acoustic energy, while 20 dB is 100 times more intense, and 30 dB is 1,000 times more intense. Each 10 dB increase in sound level is perceived as approximately a doubling of loudness. Sound intensity is normally measured through the A -weighted sound level (dBA). This scale gives greater weight to the frequencies of sound to which the human ear is most sensitive. The A -weighted sound level is the basis for a number of various sound level metrics, including the equivalent continuous sound level (Leq) which is the average sound energy of time -varying noise over a sample period, and the Lmax which is the maximum instantaneous noise level occurring over a sample period. Z Lomita, City of. July 1, 2013. Municipal Code City of Lomita. August 12, 2014 Page 56 Tom Frew, Controller July 6, 2014 Page 3 Noise Measurement Results A total of five noise measurements were performed on the project site to document noise levels associated with operation of the mechanical ventilation fan located on the northern (posterior) wall of the Mausoleum along Green Hills' property line, facing a neighboring multi -family residential land use. The noise measurements were taken on June 4, 2014, between approximately 12:30 p.m. and 1:35 p.m. During noise monitoring, wind conditions were relatively calm (1 to 4 mph). Descriptions of the measurements and the results are provided below, in Table 1 below. The locations of the noise measurements and the location of the ventilation fans are shown in the attached Exhibit 1. All noise measurements were performed using an Extech Model 407780 Type 2 integrating sound level meter. The Extech meter was programmed in "slow" mode to record the sound pressure level at 1 -second intervals in A -weighted form. The sound level meter and microphone were mounted approximately 5 feet above the ground and equipped with a windscreen during all measurements. The sound level meter was calibrated before monitoring using an Extech calibrator, Model 407766. The noise level measurement equipment meets American National Standards Institute (ANSI) specifications for sound level meters (S1.4-1983 identified in Chapter 19.68.020.AA). August 12, 2014 Page 57 Tom Frew, Controller July 6, 2014 Page 4 Table 1: Noise Level Measurement Results Secondary noise source: Mausoleum 45 ventilation fan (to Secondary) 4 Rooftop of Mausoleum at 1:10 — Ambient noise levels with the loudest NAl 52.2 southern edge 1:15 p.m. audible noise source being birds chirping 5 Ground level between 1:30 — Mausoleum ventilation fan 20 56.6 mausoleum and multi- 1:35 p.m. family residential land use 1 Since ambient conditions at a specific locale were being measured, distance is not applicable. Source: FCS, Inc. 2014. Operational Impact Analysis and Findings As detailed by the table above, none of the noise measurements recorded noise levels in excess of the City of Rancho Palos Verdes' nighttime noise performance standard of 65 dBA for cemetery districts. Similarly, none of the noise measurements recorded noise levels in excess of the neighboring City of Lomita's daytime noise performance standard for residential land uses of 65 dBA. Additionally, the measurements taken reveal the following significant findings: • The noise measurement results summarized in Table 1, show that operational noise levels of the ventilation fans located on the northern side of the Mausoleum average 56.6 dBA Leq at 20 feet from the operating equipment at ground level (Site 5). • At the rooftop of the Mausoleum directly above one of the ventilation fans (Site 2), the operational sound level averages 53.2 dBA Leq. This reduction in noise levels compared to that August 12, 2014 Page 58 Approx. Approx. Distance Site Location Time Noise Source Description (feet) dBA L., 1 Rooftop of Mausoleum at 12:30 — Primary noise source: multi -family 15 52.8 northern edge nearest 12:35 p.m. residential pool equipment; (to primary) neighboring pool equipment Secondary noise source: Mausoleum 45 ventilation fan (to Secondary) 2 Rooftop of Mausoleum at 12:38 — Primary noise source: Mausoleum 20 53.2 northern edge nearest 12:43 p.m. ventilation fan; (to primary) neighboring pool deck area Secondary noise source: multi -family residential pool equipment 45 (to Secondary) 3 Same as Site 1. Rooftop of 12:45 — Primary noise source: multi -family 15 56.6 Mausoleum at northern 12:50 p.m. residential pool pump equipment, (to primary) edge nearest neighboring plus Jacuzzi pump equipment that pool equipment turned on; Secondary noise source: Mausoleum 45 ventilation fan (to Secondary) 4 Rooftop of Mausoleum at 1:10 — Ambient noise levels with the loudest NAl 52.2 southern edge 1:15 p.m. audible noise source being birds chirping 5 Ground level between 1:30 — Mausoleum ventilation fan 20 56.6 mausoleum and multi- 1:35 p.m. family residential land use 1 Since ambient conditions at a specific locale were being measured, distance is not applicable. Source: FCS, Inc. 2014. Operational Impact Analysis and Findings As detailed by the table above, none of the noise measurements recorded noise levels in excess of the City of Rancho Palos Verdes' nighttime noise performance standard of 65 dBA for cemetery districts. Similarly, none of the noise measurements recorded noise levels in excess of the neighboring City of Lomita's daytime noise performance standard for residential land uses of 65 dBA. Additionally, the measurements taken reveal the following significant findings: • The noise measurement results summarized in Table 1, show that operational noise levels of the ventilation fans located on the northern side of the Mausoleum average 56.6 dBA Leq at 20 feet from the operating equipment at ground level (Site 5). • At the rooftop of the Mausoleum directly above one of the ventilation fans (Site 2), the operational sound level averages 53.2 dBA Leq. This reduction in noise levels compared to that August 12, 2014 Page 58 Tom Frew, Controller July 6, 2014 Page 5 measured at ground level is due to the sound attenuation provided by the Mausoleum walls and the retaining wall of the multi -family residential land use immediately north of the Mausoleum. • The nearest residential receptor area, the pool deck, is located approximately 15 feet above (in elevation) and 15 to 20 feet to the north of the fan, with additional shielding provided by an approximate five foot high solid wooden wall. Therefore, fan related noise reaching the pool deck area would be expected to be significantly reduced compared to the fan operational noise level measured at ground level at Site 5. • As shown by the noise measurement results of Site 3 (56.6 dBA Leq), the operational noise levels from pool mechanical equipment located on the neighboring multi -family residential property, as measured at the Mausoleum rooftop, are closely equivalent to the noise levels produced by the Mausoleum's ventilation fan. This pool mechanical equipment is located immediately adjacent to the pool deck area near the Green Hills property line, and is screened from the pool deck by a wooden wall. Therefore, it is likely that for a receptor located on or in close proximity to the pool deck, sounds originating from the operation of the pool equipment would be at a higher level than sounds originating from the Mausoleum's ventilation fans. In summary, recorded noise levels from the operation of the Mausoleum's ventilation fans do not exceed applicable noise standards for any residential or cemetery districts. August 12, 2014 Page 59 dl Legend •!•4-, OProject Site Noise Monitoring Locations � A �k .CIL V w -v L4 �lZi•ltf.i`•"� . 4 viol- rte. IV *% 1A • _ • s • t7: ` t s a '� II Ys • �•*f r • .of• Source: ESRI Aerial Imagery. L Firs#Carboif � 40 20 0 40 Exhibit 1 i., SOLUTIONS Feet Noise Monitoring Locations 26190029 • 07/20141 1_noise_monitoring loc.mxd CITY OF LOMITA • GREEN HILLS MEMORIAL PARK SUPPLEMENTAL NOISE IMPACTNuguIS�V1ffR, & y� /y j Page agLe�J640 EXHIBIT C 1218-495 -- 213829.1 August 12, 2014 Page 61 Potential Auditory and Visual Improvements for the Pacific Terrace Mausoleum Roof at Green Hills Memorial Park August, 2014 A. Voluntary Improvements - Already Completed 1. Signage: Green Hills has produced and posted new signage on the Mausoleum roof requesting visitors to be respectful of Green Hills' neighbors and to keep sound levels to a minimum. Additional signs may be produced to remind guests that alcohol consumption is strictly forbidden on the park premises or that amplified sounds are prohibited on the Mausoleum roof, among others. 2. Temporary Tenting: Green Hills currently erects temporary tenting on the Mausoleum roof before the commencement of burial ceremonies and related activities, weather permitting. These temporary tents have the effect of partially obscuring the view of the burial services and of directing the sound of the services away from the Vista Verde residences. Green Hills will continue to use these tents for all services (weather permitting) to provide an auditory and visual barrier, until such time that more effective and/or potentially customized sound and visual screening measures are designed or identified, as described further below. 3. Advanced Notice of Burial Activities - Notice by Flagging: Green Hills currently places a small yellow flag upon a burial site which is scheduled to be utilized within the upcoming week. The HOA has been notified of this practice, providing them with advanced notice that a burial will be occurring in the near future. Vista Verde residents are then able to check the Green Hills website to obtain additional information about the burial service, including detailed information such as the scheduled date and time of any given service. 4. Advanced Notice of Burial Activities - Notice by Website Posting: To allow for Vista Verde residents to have advanced notice of scheduled burial activities occurring at the Mausoleum, Green Hills has posted a detailed service schedule on its website. This allows Vista Verde residents to stay apprised of Mausoleum burial activities if they so desire. 5. Security Patrol: Green Hills' security detail patrols the 121 acre park grounds from 8:00 a.m. until approximately 9:00 p.m., and performs a visual inspection of the Mausoleum during regular patrols. During business hours, security is advised to be alert for inappropriate activity (such as boisterous behavior). After dusk, when the park is closing, security is advised to remove any unauthorized visitors from to the park. Awgus 1, b 2014 Page 62 6. Security Hotline & Complaint Log: Green Hills has provided HOA residents with a dedicated security hotline number to call and report potentially inappropriate or prohibited activities observed on or around the Mausoleum roof during park hours. Any complaints received would be promptly responded to by Green Hills' security. As Green Hills is completely gated and locked at dusk, any visitors observed on the Mausoleum roof after such time would be unauthorized trespassers, and thus may be reported to security until approximately 9:00 p.m., or to the County Sherriff after hours. 7. Visitor Rules: Green Hills currently maintains strict rules and regulations intended to prohibit park visitors from engaging in disruptive and/or potentially dangerous activities on park grounds. These rules include, but are not limited to, the following: (i) boisterous or unseemly conduct on the park grounds is prohibited; (ii) children under 14 must be accompanied by an adult at all times; (iii) no dogs or other pets are allowed in the park, with the exception of trained guide dogs or when kept in a ventilated vehicle; (iv) vehicles must be driven slowly; (v) the use of skateboards, bicycles, roller blades, and/or roller skates is prohibited; (vi) consumption of alcohol is prohibited; and (vii) persons inside the park after hours shall be treated as trespassers. Green Hills makes available a written flier detailing park rules to all park visitors, and will ensure that relevant park rules are posted at the park entrance and other publicly accessible and visible locations. 8. Mini -Haul Use: Green Hills uses a type of equipment known as a "mini -haul" to backfill burial sites. The mini -haul produces a sound that is higher -pitched and therefore may be perceived as more abrasive (although not louder) than other types of similar machinery. Accordingly, Green Hills has eliminated the use of the mini -haul on the Mausoleum rooftop for burial preparation purposes. 9. Mowers: Green Hills has learned that two lawnmowers used simultaneously could generate unwanted sound. Therefore, Green Hills will ensure that only one mower is used at any given time on the Mausoleum roof. Typically, the mowers are used on the roof for only about 15 minutes once a week. 10. Ventilation Fan Improvement: Neighbors have commented that the ventilation fan used at the Mausoleum generates unwanted sound. Green Hills investigated the condition of the fan, and has improved/recalibrated the fan in such a way as to further reduce any sounds produced by its operation. The fan has also been recalibrated to run during the day only. According to a noise study performed, the fan and the pool pump at the adjacent Vista Verde 2 Awgus 1, b 2014 Page 63 condominiums, operate at about the same sound levels, and well below applicable noise standards. 11. Water and/or Drainage: Some complaints were made alleging potential drainage issues occurring behind the Mausoleum and along the HOA's property line. In response, Green Hills has verified that the drainage channel is properly engineered and meets all City Code requirements. Nevertheless, Green Hills did find that water occasionally pools for short periods due to accumulated dirt within the drain. To alleviate the problem, Green Hills' maintenance crews now clean the drain on a regular basis, and have installed a special sprinkler to flush the channel regularly. B. Proposed Voluntary Improvements - To Be Completed Based on Agreement 1. Restrict Amplified Sound: Currently, the CUP allows the use of amplified music during burial services at Green Hills, including on the Mausoleum roof. Microphones are also used during burials to enable the mourners to better hear the services. Notwithstanding the importance of music and/or vocal enhancement during certain services, Green Hills would consider restricting the use of amplification on the Mausoleum roof subject to minor exceptions (i.e., military funerals, which guarantee the right to honor guard burials under federal law). This requirement could be noted in Green Hills' park rules and on signage placed around the Mausoleum. Additionally, security patrols could be advised of this new rule. 2. Mausoleum Roof Maintenance Hours: The CUP currently allows for the excavation of ground burial sites between 9:00 a.m. or after 3:30 p.m. for sites located within 120 feet of residential zones. Green Hills would consider agreeing to voluntarily limit these hours further for the Mausoleum roof by requiring all maintenance activities (including excavation and landscaping) to occur between the hours of 10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. Green Hills could note the new hours on signage placed around the Mausoleum, and could advise maintenance personnel of this new limitation. 3. Burial Service Hours: Currently, Green Hills requests that funeral processions enter the park after 9:00 a.m. and before 3:00 p.m. Green Hills would agree to change these hours, and request that processions enter the park after 10:00 a.m. and before 3:00 p.m. To discourage funeral processions from arriving into the park after 3:00 p.m., Green Hills will continue to charge a fee to funeral processions arriving later than this requested time period. Although this fee is used primarily to reimburse Green Hills for various additional expenses 3 Awgus 1, b 2014 Page 64 associated with labor and over -time costs, the fee has the added benefit of encouraging burials to occur before 3:00 p.m. 4. Improved Temporary Tenting and/or Paneling: Although Green Hills already provides tents for burial ceremonies and services upon request for shade and privacy purposes (as described in A.2., above), Green Hills will evaluate the feasibility of using customized or improved tents or panels that may assist in: (i) increasing sound attenuation (i.e., constructed of a different type of fabric/material such as rubberized or other sound absorbing materials); and (ii) improving visual privacy (i.e., covering a larger area). Consistent with current practices, these improved tents could be erected at the commencement of activities and removed after the activities conclude, and would have the effect both of obscuring the burial services and directing any sounds created by the services away from the HOA residences. 5. Foliage, Hedges or Trees: Green Hills could further investigate the feasibility of planting hedges or foliage on top of the Mausoleum roof, and/or tall and thick trees such as cypress at the base of the Mausoleum. The plants could be placed at intermittent intervals to provide a soft screen, or could be placed more closely together to provide a more substantial sound and visual barrier along the property line between the Mausoleum and Vista Verde residences. Any additional plantings would= have to be approved by the applicable regulatory agencies. 6. Construct a Permanent Wall/Fence on the Mausoleum Roof: A permanent wall or fence could be constructed at the edge of the Mausoleum's roof to reduce the alleged auditory and visual impacts on the Vista Verde residents. A wall/fence of this nature could provide significant sound reduction benefits as well as a visual buffer between the two properties. While we understand this is not a preferred solution for the HOA, it would nonetheless dramatically reduce (if not entirely eliminate) the alleged auditory and visual disturbances complained of by the HOA. 7. No Mausoleum in Phase II: Green Hills will voluntarily agree not to construct another Mausoleum on the Phase II portion of the Pacific Terrace site. While Green Hills currently has no specific plans relative to Phase II, it has begun preparing some conceptual drawings that include low -impact Garden Wall crypts and Family Estates facing away from the Vista Verde residences. The area would be landscaped with water -conserving rock and stone features, possibly including some fountains or water features (with recirculating water). Green Hills will present these plans to the Commission when it is prepared to affirmatively begin developing the Phase II site. 4 Awgus 1, b 2014 Page 65 GREEN HILLS NOISE STUDY, PREPARED BY FIRST CARBON SOLUTIONS August 12, 2014 Page 66 a Fi rstCa rbo of SOLUTIONS Noise Study Green Hills Memorial Park Rancho Palos Verdes, California Prepared for: Green Hills Memorial Park 27501 South Western Avenue Rancho Palos Verdes, CA 90275 Phone: (310) 831-0311 Contact: Tom Frew, Controller Prepared by: First Carbon Solutions 11755 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1660 Los Angeles, CA 90025 888.826.5814 Contact: Jason Brandman, Project Director Mike Rosa, Noise Specialist Report Date: July 9, 2014 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Table of Contents Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations........................................................................................................ iv Section1: Introduction.................................................................................................................. 1 1.1- Purpose of Analysis and Study Objectives......................................................................... 1 1.2 - Study Location and Area....................................................................................................1 1.3 - Purpose of Analysis...........................................................................................................1 Section 2: Noise Fundamentals...................................................................................................... 6 2.1.1 - Noise Descriptors................................................................................................... 6 2.1.2 - Tone Noise.............................................................................................................. 6 2.2 - Noise Propagation............................................................................................................. 6 2.3 - Ground Absorption............................................................................................................ 7 2.4 - Noise Barrier Attenuation................................................................................................. 7 Section3: Regulatory Setting......................................................................................................... 8 3.1- Federal Regulations...........................................................................................................8 3.2 - State Regulations............................................................................................................... 8 3.3 - Local Regulations............................................................................................................... 8 3.3.1 - City of Rancho Palos Verdes Municipal Code ......................................................... 8 3.3.2 - Green Hills' Conditional Use Permit....................................................................... 9 3.3.3 - City of Lomita....................................................................................................... 10 Section 4: Sampled Noise Conditions........................................................................................... 11 4.1- Measurement Procedure and Criteria.............................................................................11 4.1.1- Noise Measurement Equipment..........................................................................11 4.1.2 - Noise Measurement Locations.............................................................................11 4.1.3 - Noise Measurement Timing and Climate.............................................................11 4.2 - Noise Measurement Results............................................................................................ 11 Section5: Offsite Impacts............................................................................................................ 14 5.1- Activity Noise Level Isolation...........................................................................................14 5.2 - Modeled Impacts.............................................................................................................15 5.3 - Comparison with Applicable Regulations........................................................................ 17 5.4 - Regulatory Requirements, Recommendations, and Measures to Be Taken ......................18 5.5 - Recommendation............................................................................................................ 24 Section6: References................................................................................................................... 26 Appendix A: Calculation Output A.1 - Support for Table 3 A.2 - Support for Table 4 A.3 - Support for Table 5 A.4 - Support for Section 5.3 A.5 - Support for Table 7 A.6 - Support for Table 10 FirstCarbon Solutions ii H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 68 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study List of Tables Table of Contents Table 1: Rancho Palos Verdes Municipal Code....................................................................................... 8 Table 2: Lomita Municipal Code1..........................................................................................................10 Table 3: Noise Level Measurement Results..........................................................................................12 Table 4: Isolated Facility Operations Noise Levels'............................................................................... 14 Table 5: Modeled Impacts at Multi -Family Residential Exterior'.........................................................15 Table 6: Rough Estimates of Interior Noise Levels at Multi -Family Residential' ................................... 17 Table 7: Modeled Impacts at Multi -Family Residential Exterior with 6 -Foot Barrier' .......................... 18 Table 8: Sound Reduction Method Comparison................................................................................... 19 Table 9: Estimated Impacts at Multi -Family Residential Exterior Using Echo Barrier 1,2 .......................24 Table 10: Modeled Impacts at Multi -Family Residential Exterior Using Electric Mower' ....................24 Table 11: Attenuation Measures to be Implemented........................................................................... 25 List of Exhibits Exhibit 1: Project Location Map..............................................................................................................3 Exhibit 2: Green Hills Memorial Park Site Map......................................................................................4 Exhibit 3: Photographs of Pacific Terrace Mausoleum Vicinity.............................................................. 5 FirstCarbon Solutions iii H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 69 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ANSI American National Standards Institute Caltrans California Department of Transportation CNEL Community Noise Equivalent Level dB decibel dBA A -weighted decibel dBA/DD A -weighted decibel per each doubling of distance Hz Hertz LdN Day -Night Average Sound Level Leq Equivalent Sound Level ONC California Department of Health Services Office of Noise Control OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration RMS root mean square SEL Single Event Level sq ft square feet FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx iv August 12, 2014 Page 70 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Introduction 1.1- Purpose of Analysis and Study Objectives This Noise Study has been prepared by First Carbon Solutions (FCS) to analyze potential offsite noise impacts associated with typical onsite operations and activities occurring on the rooftop of the Pacific Terrace Mausoleum (the Mausoleum) at Green Hills Memorial Park (Green Hills). This report provides the following: • A description of the study area • Information regarding the fundamentals of noise • A discussion about applicable noise standards and regulations • An analysis of the noise environment • An evaluation of onsite -generated noise levels relative to applicable standards and regulations • Recommendations for reducing offsite noise levels 1.2 - Study Location and Area Green Hills is located on approximately 120 acres of land within the City of Rancho Palos Verdes, California, as shown on Exhibit 1. This analysis and report focuses on a small section of this property, specifically, the rooftop of the Pacific Terrace Mausoleum (the Mausoleum), which is located at the northwest portion of Green Hills' property, as indicated on Exhibit 2. The northern edge of the Mausoleum is located approximately 10 feet south of Green Hills' northern property line. The properties north of the property line are located within the adjacent City of Lomita. According to the City of Lomita General Plan (1998) General Plan Map, the property adjacent to Green Hills in Lomita is designated Residential (High Density). Exhibit 3 provides photographs of the two uses on either side of the property line. 1.3 - Purpose of Analysis This analysis was conducted to determine if the typical noise levels generated on the Mausoleum rooftop meet applicable regulations and standards, as experienced at the residences within the adjacent multi -family condominium property known as "Vista Verde" (shown on Exhibit 3). In conducting this analysis, the following report will evaluate and analyze the acoustical qualities and sound levels generated by many activities occurring on Green Hills' grounds. On a preliminary basis, the activities that clearly generate the greatest levels of noise include mowing of the lawns, excavation, and preparation of burial sites, and backfilling burial sites. Other common operational activities that generate substantially lower levels of noise are voices associated with clients, visitors, FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 71 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Introduction and mourners, as well as sounds associated with musical accompaniments to certain burial services. An additional less -common source of noise is the occasional sounding of a bagpipe or gun salute conducted for the limited purposes of honorable burials and/or cultural traditions. These events are typically infrequent, and are limited to a few occurrences per year. FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 72 Nerrrlusa 8eelcit .a' Project Site 11 Carrlatye Ciest Park 7. Carson West Carson Le) iNt3 Park Carson L. Ata yo -.p Harbor City Recreation Centei i� Lomita Veterans Park Alta Loma Pack South Coast Botanic Goidwi n PfOfEGt SI�� Rolling Hills Estates DappGPgray Park Palos Verdes Reservo George F Canyon Open Space vl, Wng,de Trailrr_aid Park Rolling Hills EastJe.,v Park: Rancho Palos Verdes Machado Lake Helrb[u Potk Harhor Highland. Lela n d Peck Park, Rena Park John S Gibson Junior P:, Ladera Livada Park LosAngeles Main Cirannt l Anderson Memorial Playgrotand Source: Census 2000 Data, The CaSIL. FirstGarborf 3.000 1,500 0 3,000 Exhibit 1 SOLUTIONS Feet Project Location Map 26190029 - 0412014 i 1_Iocation_map.wd GRESHAM SAVAGE NOLAN & TILDEN • GREEN HILLS MEMORIAL PARK °ugus NT4 Page 73 x � � � w x z 3hllp AA3N dYB c i g �N 3 u1 E 9` fz i# i w sl g IS- N TRANQU LLU ku �i woos rnu - €n7t�rr. urs, � fP. 35ktle it +. iri C rcc N � N X :t=! W (n OZ -0 20M— o 4w= NJ .ho N. u7 August 12, 20 Page �ry Qo as �co W J �a J Q J_ W Z Z W w Z w J_ H o6 Z Q O Z w 0 U) Q 2 U) w Of a Q m E Y (D Q ED E CD E NI V Q N V 0 rn N O O O O N 14 74 co >+ "E Xi W E W O cn (B N L U U co 0- N L 4— O O August 12, 20 Page ao a0 �a J Jw _ zz w w 0-10 z w 0 J_ o6 z ¢ O z LU c9 a U) U) LU 0-10 45 E N 0 m U (�4 N UI w U m CL Fns 0 0 a M v 0 N 0 rn N O O O O N 14 75 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Noise Fundamentals Sound is produced by the vibration of sound pressure waves in the air. Noise is defined as unwanted sound. Sound becomes unwanted when it interferes with normal activities, causes actual physical harm, or has adverse effects on health. Under typical outdoor ambient conditions, where constantly varying noise levels are occurring over time, people typically cannot clearly perceive increases in ambient noise levels until that increase rises to approximately 5 dBA. More specifically, research into the human perception of sound level increases indicates the following, under clinical conditions: • A 1-dBA or less increase is difficult to perceive, • A 3-dBA increase is just perceptible, • A 5-dBA increase is clearly perceptible, and • A 10-dBA increase is perceived as being twice as loud. 2.1.1- Noise Descriptors Sound pressure levels are used to measure the intensity of sound and are described in terms of decibels. The decibel (dB) is a logarithmic unit, which expresses the ratio of the sound pressure level being measured to a standard reference level. A -weighted decibels (dBA) approximate the subjective response of the human ear to a broad frequency noise source by discriminating against very low and very high frequencies of the audible spectrum. They are adjusted to reflect only those frequencies that are audible to the human ear. Noise equivalent sound levels are not measured directly, but are calculated from sound pressure levels typically measured in dBA. The equivalent sound level (Leq) represents a steady state sound level containing the same total energy as a time varying signal over a given sample period, essentially an average. 2.1.2 - Tone Noise A pure tone noise is a noise produced at a single frequency and laboratory tests have shown that humans are more perceptible to changes in noise levels of a pure tone (Caltrans 1998). Tonal noises are individual sounds (such as pure tones) that, while not louder than permissible levels, may stand out in sound quality. Examples of tonal noise include equipment with rotating compressor vanes, fan blades, engine pistons, gear teeth, etc. A pure tone is the sound radiated by a source vibrating at a single discrete frequency. The most obvious example would be a tuning fork, while other examples include the striking of a piano key or plucking of a guitar string. 2.2 - Noise Propagation From the noise source to the receiver, noise changes both in level and frequency spectrum. The most obvious is the decrease in noise as the distance from the source increases. The manner in which noise reduces with distance depends on whether the source is a point or line source as well as ground absorption, atmospheric effects and refraction, and shielding by natural and manmade FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 76 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Noise Fundamentals features. Sound from point sources, such as air conditioning condensers, radiate uniformly outward as it travels away from the source in a spherical pattern. The noise drop-off rate associated with this geometric spreading is 6 dBA per each doubling of the distance (dBA/DD). Transportation noise sources such as roadways are typically analyzed as line sources, since at any given moment the receiver may be impacted by noise from multiple vehicles at various locations along the roadway. Because of the geometry of a line source, the noise drop-off rate associated with the geometric spreading of a line source is 3 dBA/DD. 2.3 - Ground Absorption The sound drop-off rate is highly dependent on the conditions of the land between the noise source and receiver. To account for this ground -effect attenuation (absorption), two types of site conditions are commonly used in noise models: soft -site and hard -site conditions. Soft -site conditions account for the sound propagation loss over natural surfaces such as normal earth and ground vegetation. For point sources, a drop-off rate of 7.5 dBA/DD is typically observed over soft ground with landscaping or a topographical depression, as compared with a 6.0 dBA/DD drop-off rate over hard ground such as asphalt, concrete, stone and very hard packed earth. For line sources a 4.5 dBA/DD is typically observed for soft -site conditions compared with the 3.0 dBA/DD drop-off rate for hard -site conditions. 2.4 - Noise Barrier Attenuation It is not uncommon for a properly designed and built noise control barrier to achieve a reduction of up to 10 dBA. Under ideal conditions and employing upgraded materials/design, noise levels can potentially be reduced by 15 dBA, or more. For a noise barrier to function properly, it must be tall and wide enough to block the view of the source, thereby breaking the line -of -sight from source to observer. A noise barrier is most effective when placed close to the noise source or receiver. FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 77 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Regulatory Setting Noise regulations are addressed through the efforts of various federal, state, and local government agencies. As described in Section 1.2, the study area is located within the cities of Rancho Palos Verdes and Lomita (source and receiver, respectively). Subsequently, the regulations from both will apply to the evaluation but in differing ways. The responsible agencies and their regulations that apply to this analysis are discussed below. 3.1- Federal Regulations There are no federal regulations that relate to this evaluation. 3.2 - State Regulations There are no state regulations that relate to this evaluation. 3.3 - Local Regulations The following regulations for the City of Rancho Palos Verdes relate to generators of noise; conversely, the following regulations for the City of Lomita relate to receivers of noise. 3.3.1- City of Rancho Palos Verdes Municipal Code The Sensory Environment Element of the City of Rancho Palos Verdes General Plan (1975) includes a Noise section. The section provides 12 policies (page 187). None of the policies apply to this evaluation. The City of Rancho Palos Verdes has not adopted a Noise Ordinance to implement its noise policies; however, the City's Municipal Code contains some provisions that regulate or limit noise relative to this evaluation. Those provisions are provided in Table 1. Table 1: Rancho Palos Verdes Municipal Code Section Provision 17.28.040 1 Deliveries and Mechanical Equipment. Where a cemetery district abuts a residential zoning district, all deliveries of goods and supplies; trash pick- up, including the use of parking lot trash sweepers; and the operation of machinery or mechanical equipment which emits noise levels in excess of sixty-five dBA, as measured from the closest property line to the equipment, shall only be allowed between the hours of seven a.m. and seven p.m., Monday through Sunday, unless otherwise specified in an approved conditional use permit or other discretionary approval. FirstCarbon Solutions 8 H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 78 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Table 1 (cont.): Rancho Palos Verdes Municipal Code Regulatory Setting Section Provision 17.56.020 B Hours of Operation. It is unlawful to carry on construction, grading or landscaping activities or to operate heavy equipment except between the hours of seven a.m. and seven p.m. Monday through Saturday. No such activity shall be permitted on Sunday or legal holidays, unless a special construction permit is obtained from the director. Said permit must be requested at least forty-eight hours before such work is to begin. Emergency work and residential activities, such as lawn mowing, gardening (without the use of weed and debris blowers), and minor home repair/maintenance, shall be exempted from this restriction. The hours of operation for weed and debris blowers are specified in Chapter 8.16 (Weed and Debris Blowers) of this Code.' 8.16.10 Times and manner of prohibited use. It is unlawful for any person to use or operate a mechanical blower before eight a.m. or after five p.m. Monday through Friday, or before nine a.m. or after four p.m. on Saturday or at any time on Sundays, or national holidays. It is further unlawful for any person operating any type of mechanical blower to blow cuttings, refuse or debris onto a neighboring property or into a street, gutter or drain. A mechanical blower shall include any device used, designed or operated to produce a current of air by fuel, electricity or other means to push, propel or blow cuttings, refuse or debris. Note: ' According to Section 17.96.1020, "'Landscaping' means the planting and continued maintenance of ornamental plant material; the installation, use and continued maintenance of a permanent irrigation system; the continued maintenance of ornamental rock gardens or rockscape, not including natural soil or earth, and/or artificial landscaping provided the underlying sub -surface is pervious to allow for percolation." 3.3.2 - Green Hills' Conditional Use Permit Green Hills is further regulated by site-specific requirements provided in Appendix B of the Conditional Use Permit (Conditions of Approval Case No. ZON2003-00086 [Green Hills Memorial Park Cemetery Master Plan Revision]). The following noise -related regulations from that document are pertinent: Any live and/or amplified music shall occur only during funeral services, community events, or visits. Funeral services music and community event music shall be limited to the duration of the service or event. In no case shall the live and/or amplified music exceed 65 dBA at the common property lines abutting a Residential Zoning District. The noise level shall be enforced by the neighbors through civil means. Construction and grading activities, including but not limited to equipment warm up, geologic investigations, interment excavation for placement of vaults and installation or removal of large landscape materials shall be limited to daytime working hours (7:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.) on weekdays only. Excavation for removal and replacement of vault tops for funeral service preparation, individual placement of vaults for funeral services and operation of FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 79 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Regulatory Setting landscape maintenance equipment shall be allowed in any area of the park between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. Monday through Friday, and between 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. on Saturday, Sunday, and Federally observed Holidays. No construction or grading, including grading operations to prepare sites for ground burials, shall occur before 9:00 a.m. or after 3:30 p.m. within 120 feet of any property line abutting a Residential Zoning District. All equipment shall be equipped with a muffler to reduce on-site grading and construction noise levels. 3.3.3 - City of Lomita The City of Lomita Municipal Code Noise Ordinance includes provisions that regulate noise generation and reception; however, the provisions apply only to noises created from within the City of Lomita. In this case, the noise is created from outside those city limits, and instead from within the City of Rancho Palos Verdes; thus, none of the City of Lomita's restrictions are applicable. Although the City of Lomita's relevant Municipal Code Noise Ordinances do not apply to Green Hills, they are nonetheless included here to provide a basis for comparing and evaluating reasonably acceptable norms and standards for noise levels within residential areas. Thus, the City of Lomita's regulations are included in Table 2, but do not have any regulatory bearing on Green Hills or this evaluation. Table 2: Lomita Municipal Code' Section Provision 4-4.04 (a) It shall be unlawful and a misdemeanor, subject to punishment in accordance with section 1-2.01 et seq. of this Code, for any person within the City of Lomita to produce or cause to allow to be produced noise which is received on property occupied by another person within the designated region, in excess of the following levels, except as expressly provided otherwise herein: Designated Region Time Sound Level dBA Residential Area Day2 65 4-4.04 (b) At the boundary line between a residential property and a commercial and/or manufacturing property, the noise level of the quieter zone shall be used. Corrections to noise limits. The numerical limits given in subsection (a) above shall be adjusted by the following corrections, where appropriate: Noise Condition Correction (in dB) (3) Noise occurring more than 5 but less than 15 +5 minutes per hour (4) Noise occurring more than 1 but less than 5 +10 minutes per hour (5) Noise occurring less than 1 minute per hour +20 Notes: 1 According to Section 4-4.02 (c), "Day shall mean the time period from 7:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m." z As noted, these provisions do not have any regulatory application to Green Hills or to this evaluation. They are included here as a point of reference for discussion later in this document. FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx 10 August 12, 2014 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Sampled Noise Conditions To ascertain the existing noise conditions, two site evaluations were conducted; each included periodic noise monitoring. The samples taken were of activities commonly occurring at Green Hills that are known to generate the highest levels of noise in the subject vicinity. The following describes the measurement procedures, measurement locations, and measurement results. 4.1 - Measurement Procedure and Criteria Both field -monitoring visits were conducted on two Thursdays, April 11 and 18, 2014. The field survey noted that ambient noise within the area of the rooftop of the Mausoleum is generally comprised of birds chirping, occasional overflights by small aircraft and traffic noise emanating from Western Avenue (which, depending on location, ranged from imperceptible to just noticeable). 4.1.1- Noise Measurement Equipment Noise monitoring was performed using an Extech Model 407780 Type 2 integrating sound level meter. The Extech meter was programmed in "slow" mode to record the sound pressure level at 1 -second intervals in A -weighted form. The sound level meter and microphone was mounted approximately 5 feet above the ground and equipped with a windscreen during all measurements. The sound level meter was calibrated before monitoring using an Extech calibrator, Model 407766. The noise level measurement equipment meets American National Standards Institute (ANSI) specifications for sound level meters (S1.4-1983 identified in Chapter 19.68.020.AA). 4.1.2 - Noise Measurement Locations One reading was conducted at the rooftop of the Pacific Terrace Mausoleum to establish a location - specific ambient (i.e., no equipment) noise level. Since the rest of the monitoring, in this instance, was conducted with the intent to determine the noise levels emitted by commonly used equipment, their locations were incidental. (To make such a determination, measurements are taken both with and without the subject noise source so that the ambient level can later be mathematically removed, thereby leaving the isolated equipment -specific level.) 4.1.3 - Noise Measurement Timing and Climate The noise measurements taken on April 11, 2014 were recorded between approximately 11:30 a.m. and 1:30 p.m.; during noise monitoring, wind conditions were relatively calm (1 to 4 mph). The noise measurements taken on April 18, 2014 were recorded between approximately 2:00 p.m. and 3:30 p.m.; during noise monitoring, wind conditions were relatively slightly breezy (±5 mph). 4.2 - Noise Measurement Results A total of six noise measurements were performed during two site visits. Each monitoring session ran for a minimum duration of 15 minutes, or until the activity was concluded (thereby best representing the full impact). Upon initial inspection, the onsite acoustical inspector's observations FirstCarbon Solutions 11 H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 81 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Sampled Noise Conditions found that Green Hills' mechanical equipment was relatively modern, and appeared to be well maintained and functioning properly; clanking was minimal partially attributed to experienced operators. The mufflers on the heavy equipment (i.e., tractors/ backhoes) were noted to be exceptionally effective at reducing noise produced by the motors. Descriptions of the measurements and the results are provided below, in Table 3. Table 3: Noise Level Measurement Results Approx. Site Location Date Time 1 Rooftop of Pacific Terrace Mausoleu m at northern edge 2 N/A2 3 N/A2 4 N/A2 04-11-14 12:00 p.m 04-11-14 12:37 p.m. 04-11-14 12:37 p.m. Source Description This was a control reading to determine baseline or ambient (without equipment) noise conditions around the vicinity of the rooftop of the Pacific Terrace Mausoleum and establish a baseline for comparison with readings 2 and 3. No significant abnormalities were observed during the sampling period. This reading includes all activities and pieces of equipment associated with a typical plot excavation and preparation. This includes a tractor/ backhoe for digging, tractor with mechanized trailer for depositing dirt, and between two to three workers. No significant abnormalities were observed during the sampling period. This reading includes all activities and pieces of equipment associated with a typical plot backfill. This includes a tractor/backhoe for filling dirt, tractor with mechanized trailer for delivering fill dirt, and between two to three workers. No significant abnormalities were observed during the sampling period. 04-18-14 2:00 p.m. This reading includes mowing activity occurring within an area roughly the size of the grassy area on the rooftop of the Pacific Terrace Mausoleum. The mower was a motorized push - type, the same that is used on the mausoleum rooftop grass. No significant abnormalities were observed during the sampling period. FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx Approx. Distance (feet) N/Al 50 503 50 dBA Leq 52.2 57.6 62.33 64.2 12 August 12, 2014 Page 82 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Table 3 (cont.): Noise Level Measurement Results Approx. Site Location Date Time 5 N/Az 04-18-14 2:30 p.m. 6 N/Az 04-18-14 3:00 p.m. Source Description This reading includes pure mower noise; the motor was running at mowing speed but the unit was kept stationary. The mower was a motorized push -type, the same that is used on the Mausoleum rooftop grass. One light aircraft overflight during the sampling period; this was not considered significant. This was a control reading to determine baseline or ambient (without equipment) noise conditions for comparison with readings 4 and 5. No significant abnormalities were observed during the sampling period; however, this control reading is higher than the previous one as a result of this site's exposure to Western Avenue (a distance of approximately 400 ft).4 Sampled Noise Conditions Approx. Distance (feet) dBA L., 50 64.4 N/Al 61.54 Note: 1 Since ambient conditions at a specific locale were being measured, distance is not applicable. z Measurements conducted for the purpose of isolating equipment/operations noise levels are not location -specific since they are relative to their control reading; however, relational readings were conducted in the same vicinity. 3 This distance and corresponding reading have been modeled to normalize the distance to 50 feet for purposes of comparison (see Appendix A for calculation output). The reading was physically conducted at a distance of 30 feet from the source, which resulted in a monitored level of 66.7 dBA Leq. 4 The ultimate level of the control readings is not relevant; rather, its relation to the associated with -activity level is. Both conditions included the roadway traffic noise, which would not inhibit the goal of isolating the equipment noise. N/A = not applicable FirstCarbon Solutions 13 H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 83 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Offsite Impacts This section will analyze noise generated on and around the rooftop of the Pacific Terrace Mausoleum, located on Green Hills' property, and will evaluate the extent to which that noise carries off-site and into neighboring properties. To perform this analysis, the noise specific to Green Hills' activities was separated from the ambient noise levels presented in Table 3. The mathematically isolated activity -specific noise levels were then modeled to distances representing the affected residential use to the north of the Pacific Terrace Mausoleum. Those levels were then evaluated against the pertinent noise regulations, discussed in Section 3. 5.1- Activity Noise Level Isolation To determine the level of noise specific to an activity that is affecting a receiver, the noise generated by that activity must be isolated from the natural ambient noise levels occurring at the same time, as well any vicinity -specific features (e.g., topography, surrounding structures). The final activity - specific values derived in this section can then be applied to various ambient and vicinity -specific locales, via modeling, to estimate outcomes. The appropriate calculations were performed and the results are presented in Table 4. Table 4: Isolated Facility Operations Noise Levels' In evaluating these results, the following key points should be considered: • The values discussed under "activity" conditions are all-inclusive in that they contain not just the heavy equipment but also all of the movement and even human activity and communication (including walkie-talkie chirps and voices). • While there are other noise -generating activities that take place on the rooftop of the Mausoleum, these activities either produce substantially less noise or are exceedingly rare in occurrence. For example, when clients are shown around the Mausoleum rooftop grounds by sales associates, or when people attend a burial, conversations take place. According to the FirstCarbon Solutions 14 H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 84 At a distance of 50 ft. Corresponding Control Isolated Activity Reading (Measured Ambient Control Reading + Noise Level Activity Description Noise Level) (dBA LeQ) Activity (dBA LeQ) (dBA LeQ) Plot excavation and preparation 52.2 57.6 56.1 Plot backfill 52.2 62.3 61.9 Mowing (1 mower) 61.5 64.2 60.9 Notes: 1 See Appendix A for calculation output. z This value was derived by logarithmically multiplying the isolated level of the monitored mower by two. In evaluating these results, the following key points should be considered: • The values discussed under "activity" conditions are all-inclusive in that they contain not just the heavy equipment but also all of the movement and even human activity and communication (including walkie-talkie chirps and voices). • While there are other noise -generating activities that take place on the rooftop of the Mausoleum, these activities either produce substantially less noise or are exceedingly rare in occurrence. For example, when clients are shown around the Mausoleum rooftop grounds by sales associates, or when people attend a burial, conversations take place. According to the FirstCarbon Solutions 14 H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 84 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Offsite Impacts United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), typical conversations register between 50 to 60 dBA, at a few feet. • Some burial services may include musical accompaniments and/or gun salutes that occasionally generate momentary periods of increased sound. Music, as a part of the mourning process, could range from a Ione harpist, bagpipes, to a small mariachi band. Considering the unique nature of these uses, it is unlikely that any two events are alike which constrains the predictability of future events. Available reference noise levels for one of the noisier music activities, such as mariachi bands, were not indicative of the type of events that occur on the Green Hills grounds. Further, unlike hours -long public or commercial concerts, the duration of the subject musical sessions is typically only a few minutes, while one or two compositions are played. 5.2 - Modeled Impacts As noted previously, the isolated activity -specific noise levels presented in Table 4 are generic with regard to locale or circumstances. Without additional parameters, they do not necessarily represent noise levels at 50 feet outside Green Hills' Hills' property limits but rather simply noise levels at 50 feet. To determine noise levels specific to the multi -family residential use north of the Mausoleum, additional modeling was performed. The modeling accounted for site-specific conditions such as distances, elevations, topographical differences between the source and receivers, ground absorptive properties, in addition to other variables. Using that data, in addition to reference noise levels for other analyzed activities, the appropriate calculations were performed and the results are presented in Table 5. Table 5: Modeled Impacts at Multi -Family Residential Exterior' Facility Operation or Reference Noise Level (dBA Lea) Accounting for Site - Notes: 1 See Appendix A for calculation output. 2 Noise sources modeled as emanating from ten feet from the property line, as it is the closest possible point at which work could be carried out. Further, the observer is placed at ground level. 3 As a point of comparison, a typical gas -powered leaf blower produces noise levels of 69.0; 73.9; 72.1; 66.7; and 69.4 (to be read concurrently with the columns set forth in the above chart). Although this equipment is not used on the Mausoleum, it is representative of noisy equipment typically allowed and deemed acceptable for use in residential areas. FirstCarbon Solutions 15 H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 85 Specific Parameters ata Isolated Facility Operation or Farthest (Directly Pool Area Reference Noise Affected) (at Distance of Level(dBA LeJ at Property Line Nearest Balcony Balcony Jacuzzi) Activity Description 50 feet (8 feet)2 (35 feet) (65 feet) (20 feet) Plot excavation and preparation 56.1 61.0 59.2 53.8 57.2 Plot backfill 61.9 66.8 65.0 59.6 62.3 Mowing (1 mower) 60.9 65.8 64.0 58.6 61.3 Conversation - 2 people 30.6 40.4 38.7 33.3 36.0 Conversation - 64 people 48.6 58.4 56.7 51.3 54.0 Notes: 1 See Appendix A for calculation output. 2 Noise sources modeled as emanating from ten feet from the property line, as it is the closest possible point at which work could be carried out. Further, the observer is placed at ground level. 3 As a point of comparison, a typical gas -powered leaf blower produces noise levels of 69.0; 73.9; 72.1; 66.7; and 69.4 (to be read concurrently with the columns set forth in the above chart). Although this equipment is not used on the Mausoleum, it is representative of noisy equipment typically allowed and deemed acceptable for use in residential areas. FirstCarbon Solutions 15 H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 85 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Offsite Impacts In evaluating these results, the following key points should be considered: • As shown above, the plot excavation activity generates the least amount of noise; this corresponds with the acoustical inspector's field observations. The highest noise -generating activity occurs when there are multiple lawn mowers active at one time, which corresponds with field observations, although we understand multiple mowers never operate simultaneously on the Mausoleum rooftop. Mowing typically occurs a maximum of once per week, for approximately 15 minutes (comparable to residential yard maintenance). • With regard to conversations, using 60 dBA as a reference, the noise levels at the four modeled receptors (property line, nearest balcony, farthest balcony and pool area) are 40.4, 38.7, 33.3, and 36.0 dBA Leq (see Appendix A for calculation output). In the case of a burial, assuming conservatively that the level of conversation increases by 3 dBA per doubling of people, at 16 people, the level would be 72 dBA at 3 feet. At the property line, this amount of conversation translates to 52.4 dBA Leq. With 32 people talking simultaneously, the level would be 75 dBA at 3 feet, and 55.4 dBA Leq at the property line. With 64 people talking simultaneously near the northern edge of the Mausoleum roof, the noise level at the property line would be 58.4 dBA. • As described in footnote 3 of Table 5, the gas -powered leaf blower—which is not in use on the Mausoleum rooftop — was included in the footnote to the table as a matter of comparison to evaluate the level of noise generally considered permissible within residential neighborhoods during much of the day according to the Municipal Code. Table 5 also shows what those permissible noise levels would be at the four subject receiver locations. • Although the pool area and property line of the adjacent residences are closer than the exposed balconies, their noise levels are lower because of the elevation difference, relative to the noise source. The Mausoleum essentially acts as a noise barrier to the ground level locations. The further away from the Mausoleum, however, the less shielding is afforded. Without running detailed interior noise calculations (which would require at a minimum rough floor plans and a basic construction materials list), interior noise levels can only be estimated based on industry standards and estimates. For example, if the units were built within roughly the last 25 years, it would be safe to assume construction methods were used that yield a 12-dBA reduction with windows open and a 20-dBA reduction with windows closed. Based on those industry norms, noise levels within the multi -family residential structure are roughly estimated in Table 6. FirstCarbon Solutions 16 H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 86 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Offsite Impacts Table 6: Rough Estimates of Interior Noise Levels at Multi -Family Residential' Condition Activity Description Farthest (directly affected) Plot excavation and preparation Balcony (65 feet) Plot backfill Windows Mowing (1 mower) Open 52.0 46.6 Conversation — 2 people 21.3 Conversation — 64 people Plot excavation and preparation Plot backfill Windows Mowing (1 mower) Closed Conversation — 2 people Conversation — 64 people Isolated Activity Noise Level (dBA Lej at° Nearest Balcony Farthest (directly affected) (35 feet) Balcony (65 feet) 47.2 41.8 53.0 47.6 52.0 46.6 26.7 21.3 44.7 39.3 39.2 33.8 45.0 39.6 44.0 38.6 18.7 13.3 36.7 31.3 Notes: 1 The values in this table are rough estimates based on required California building requirements. 2 Standard building practices conservatively yield a minimum of 12 dBA reduction with windows open. 3 Standard building practices conservatively yield a minimum of 20 dBA reduction with windows closed. 4 As a point of comparison, a typical gas -powered leaf blower produces noise levels of 60.1 and 54.7 with windows open and 52.1 and 46.7 windows closed (to be read concurrently with the columns set forth in the above chart). Although this equipment is not used on the Mausoleum, it is representative of noisy equipment typically allowed and deemed acceptable for use in residential areas. 5.3 - Comparison with Applicable Regulations As discussed in Section 3, the only noise -related regulations relevant to the activities at Green Hills are those established by the City of Rancho Palos Verdes Municipal Code and aforementioned CUP. Those provisions primarily control the times during which certain activities can and cannot take place. The acoustical inspector did not observe violations of any of the aforementioned regulations during the site visit. Although not applicable here and for the purposes of comparison only, the City of Lomita's Municipal Code has a 65 dBA Leq residential standard. According to Table 5, noise levels at the nearest balconies do not exceed this level. In light of the analysis above and according to the regulations, Green Hills appears to be operating in compliance with all applicable regulatory provisions with respect to the sound and noise generated from activities on the Mausoleum roof. Although no mandatory improvements are necessary, some further improvements and procedures may provide for additional sound attenuation benefits, thereby further reducing sound impacts on neighboring properties. Included below is a list of potential recommended methods for reducing noise levels associated with the Mausoleum rooftop activities. FirstCarbon Solutions 17 H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 87 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Offsite Impacts 5.4 - Regulatory Requirements, Recommendations, and Measures to Be Taken As the analysis above shows, Green Hills operates in full compliance with all relevant federal, state and local regulations, codes and requirements. Notwithstanding this, Green Hills has expressed an interest in evaluating measures that may further reduce sounds generated from the Mausoleum as heard by the residents at the adjacent multi -family residential use. Some basic steps could include: • Restricting the oldest/loudest of equipment from the Mausoleum rooftop; • Shifting, to the extent possible, excavation/backfill/mowing activities to a time during the day/week that residents agree is least intrusive; • Alerting potentially affected residents in advance of services that will include extraordinary noise events (e.g., bag pipes, gun salutes); and • Purchasing electric mowers for use in the noise sensitive areas (considering mowing is among the loudest of activities). While hard to quantify, qualitatively the above listed methods could result in dramatic improvements relative to the cost/effort required to implement. Beyond these obvious steps, Green Hills has also inquired about other potential measures for further achieving additional acoustical reductions. These potential measures include (i) installation of a sounds wall, (ii) temporary sound walls, (iii) temporary band shells, (iv) customized or improved temporary tents, (v) upgrade existing mowers to electric or muffled mowers, (iv) and temporary privacy panels and/or hedges. Obviously, one of the highest performing methods of sound reduction is the use of permanent noise control barriers, which could include the installation of a block wall, a transparent glass barrier, or a substantial reinforced fence. For consideration purposes, Table 7 indicates the noise levels modeled at the four aforementioned receivers with the inclusion of a 6 -foot solid barrier erected at the edge of the Mausoleum roof. Table 7: Modeled Impacts at Multi -Family Residential Exterior with 6 -Foot Barrier' FirstCarbon Solutions 18 H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 88 Isolated Activity Noise Level (dBA L,J ata Farthest (directly Pool Area Property Line Nearest Balcony affected) Balcony (at distance of Jacuzzi) Activity Description (8 feet)' (35 feet) (65 feet) (20 feet) Plot excavation and 58.0 44.9 39.4 48.0 preparation Plot backfill 59.0 50.7 45.2 52.9 Mowing (1 mower) 58.0 49.7 44.2 51.9 Conversation — 2 people 32.6 24.4 18.9 26.6 Conversation — 64 people 55.4 42.4 42.4 36.9 FirstCarbon Solutions 18 H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 88 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Offsite Impacts Table 7 (cont.): Modeled Impacts at Multi -Family Residential Exterior with 6 -Foot Barrier' Isolated Activity Noise Level (dBA LeJ ata Farthest (directly Pool Area Property Line Nearest Balcony affected) Balcony (at distance of Jacuzzi) Activity Description (8 feet)' (35 feet) (65 feet) (20 feet) Notes: 1 See Appendix A for calculation output. ' Noise sources modeled as emanating from ten feet from the property line, as it is the closest possible point at which work could be carried out. Further, the observer is placed at ground level. 3 As a point of comparison, a typical gas -powered leaf blower produces noise levels of 66.1; 57.8; 52.3; and 60.0 (to be read concurrently with the columns set forth in the above chart). Although this equipment is not used on the Mausoleum, it is representative of noisy equipment typically allowed and deemed acceptable for use in residential areas. A comparison of the values in Table 5 and Table 7 demonstrates the effectiveness of such a barrier. However, a permanent barrier, even one made of transparent material, may not be acceptable to the adjacent residents given that they would block some degree of light and viewshed. Table 8 provides an overview of some of our other recommended sound attenuation measures, along with a brief description of the possible benefits and constraints of each recommended measure. Table 8: Sound Reduction Method Comparison Method Benefits Constraints Sound wall From an acoustical perspective, An earthen berm is physically A true sound wall barrier would any of the sound wall types listed impractical as a result of space have to be four pounds per would be result in substantial availability. square foot of face area and sound attenuation benefits. contain no cutouts or line -of -sight A wall constructed of stucco openings (between source and As indicated in Table 7, a six-foot veneer over wood framing and/or receiver). wall could reduce noise by masonry block are potentially roughly 10 to 15 dBA. costly and could impact views. Any or any combination of the following materials would work: Masonry block. Stucco veneer over wood framing (or foam core), or 1 inch thick tongue and groove wood of sufficient weight per square foot. Glass (%-inch thick), or other transparent material with sufficient weight per square foot Walls of greater heights could achieve higher reductions, but relative performance per foot is reduced once the line of sight is broken. Glass walls are costly, and the transparent qualities can be impaired by weathering and wear over time. A sound wall would serve to To perform properly, the line -of - attenuate the greatest range of sight (between source and noise sources. receiver) must be broken, requiring any wall to extend beyond the limits of the actual rooftop (parallel to the property line). FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx 19 August 12, 2014 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Offsite Impacts Table 8 (cont.): Sound Reduction Method Comparison Method Temporary walls Modular wall systems that are installed temporarily for locale - specific noise reduction. Benefits Glass-type walls could preserve some of the existing view and light -access. Certain sound wall types are a proven sound reduction method, allowed by CUP. Temporary wall units are temporary and portable. Visual obstruction is temporary Can provide up to a 25-d BA reduction. Units can be purchased, rented and/or customized. FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx Constraints Since the Mausoleum structure was not initially engineered for a sound barrier wall, engineering issues could be encountered and further costs incurred. The cost of such a barrier could be prohibitive, and may vary substantially depending on the type of barrier. Some wall unit weighs as much as three-quarters of a ton, potentially making quick setup and removal impractical. Any equipment required to move and set up the temporary walls would be a new source of noise. Visual impact while in use. Will not necessarily eliminate all sources of noise (e.g., grading, mowing, voices of visitors or sales representatives). Noise generated during each setup and teardown of walls (including driving of plugs into ground). Requires several feet of clearance for legs in each direction, which could pose space constraints at the Mausoleum's edges. May be impractical given difficulty of setup and removal. Wind could pose a safety hazard. Potentially cost prohibitive. 20 August 12, 2014 Page 90 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Offsite Impacts Table 8 (cont.): Sound Reduction Method Comparison Method Band shells Portable band shells that could be moved based on need. Portable framed screen A mobile screen made of a variety of materials such as a dense rubber material or sound blanket. Benefits Temporary and portable A dome and/or fold up panel offer minimal visual impact. The fold up panel, which is designed for theater/stage use, could offer noticeable noise reduction. If attached to a trailer, may require minimal/temporary installation or set-up time. An approximate 10 dBA reduction, or more, depending upon material and design. Temporary and portable. Potentially an affordable option, heavily dependent upon frame design and materials requirements. Visual obstruction is temporary Specifically, the Echo Barrier (green panel shown left) is marketed as offering: • Superior acoustic performance (10 to 20 dB reduction; see Table 9) • Industrial durability • Simple and quick installation system • Lightweight for easy handling FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx Constraints Noise reduction benefits would va ry. A dome shaped shell may offer little in the way of acoustical attenuation given the type of material typically used for this kind of product, particularly if it needs to be erected and removed quickly. The noise reduction properties of the fold -up panels are unknown (not advertised for environmental noise reduction but rather theater/stage use). The trailer would likely itself be a new source of noise during setup and teardown. Depending on type, potentially impractical with regards to setup and tear -down. Wind could pose a safety hazard. Depending on type, cost prohibitive (e.g., trailers cost upwards of $80,000). Potential new source of noise during setup and teardown. Wind could pose a problem or potential safety hazard. Visual obstruction during use and setup/teardown. Specifically, the Echo Barrier panels (green panel shown left) would require a frame (potentially custom designed) that would be transported, along with the panels, and setup/torn-down for each use. 21 August 12, 2014 Page 91 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Offsite Impacts Table 8 (cont.): Sound Reduction Method Comparison Method As an example, the green material shown below is produced by Acoustical Surfaces, Inc. and is called Echo Barrier. Each panel measures 54" x 78". (http://www.acousticalsurfaces.com /tempora ry-barrier/echo- barrier.html?gclid=CLWrp5gCub4CF YlhfgodXCcA1Q) Tents Outdoor event tents (See Echo Barrier, described above, for description of green panel cover material, shown in example below.) Benefits • Unique roll -up design for compact storage and transportation • Ability to add branding or messages • Weatherproof With tarp -type covering, voice levels could be marginally reduced. Using an advanced or customized tent/material, appreciable noise reductions could be achieved (relative to sources within the tent area). Minimal to moderate visual impact, depending on type. FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx Constraints Little to no acoustical music noise reduction would result with tarp - type covering; will not necessarily eliminate all sources of noise (e.g., grading, mowing, voices of visitors or sales representatives). For sound reduction benefits, the tent fabric/material would need to be specially designed or customized, such as the type of material offered by the Echo Barrier. 22 August 12, 2014 Page 92 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Offsite Impacts Table 8 (cont.): Sound Reduction Method Comparison Method Electric or muffled mower Replace gas -powered push mowers currently in use with electric or muffled units. Privacy screens/panels and hedges �J Benefits Approximately 3 to 4 dBA quieter (@ 50 ft), per unit, than comparable gas mower (see Table 10). Addresses the loudest of the noise sources. Potentially low and temporary visual impact. Relatively lightweight, easy to move. Minimal noise generated during setup or teardown. Constraints Only addresses one noise source. Costs may be incurred for buying duplicate equipment and adjusting maintenance practices. No appreciable noise reduction. The wall-like screens are not solid or dense enough to offer appreciable noise reduction. Same applies to the hedges; live vegetation requires rows of dense foliage to result in a measurable reduction. Table 9 indicates estimated noise levels at the four aforementioned receivers with the use of a noise reducing portable panel material, discussed in Table 8. FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-)N)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx 23 August 12, 2014 Page 93 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Offsite Impacts Table 9: Estimated Impacts at Multi -Family Residential Exterior Using Echo Barrier 1,2 Isolated Activity Noise Level (dBA Ley) ata Farthest (directly Pool Area Property Line Nearest Balcony affected) Balcony (at distance of Activity Description (8 feet)' (35 feet) (65 feet) Jacuzzi) (20 feet) Plot excavation and 41.0 to 51.0 39.2 to 49.2 33.8 to 43.8 37.2 to 47.2 preparation Plot backfill 46.8 to 56.8 45.0 to 55.0 39.6 to 49.6 42.3 to 52.3 Mowing (1 mower) 45.8 to 55.8 44.0 to 54.0 38.6 to 48.6 41.3 to 51.3 Conversation - 2 people 20.4 to 30.4 18.7 to 28.7 13.3 to 23.3 16.0 to 26.0 Conversation - 64 people 38.4 to 48.4 36.7 to 46.7 31.3 to 41.3 34.0 to 44.0 Notes: 1 Levels based on manufacturer estimations. 2 Echo Barrier is an example material referenced in Table 8. 3 Noise sources modeled as emanating from ten feet from the property line, as it is the closest possible point at which work could be carried out. Further, the observer is placed at ground level. Table 10 indicates the noise levels modeled at the four aforementioned receivers, using manufacturer -provided noise data for an electric mower. Table 10: Modeled Impacts at Multi -Family Residential Exterior Using Electric Mower' 5.5 - Recommendation In its efforts to further reduce sound levels sourced from the onsite activities shown in Table 11, Green Hills could consider implementing the associated acoustical attenuation measure. Firstcarbon Solutions 24 H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 94 Isolated Activity Noise Level (dBA Lej at I Farthest (directly Pool Area Property Line Nearest Balcony affected) Balcony (at distance of Jacuzzi) Activity Description (8(8 feet)'(35 feet) (65 feet) (20 feet) Mowing (1 electric mower) 62.8 61.0 55.6 58.3 Notes: 1 See Appendix A for calculation output. 2 Noise sources modeled as emanating from ten feet from the property line, as it is the closest possible point at which work could be carried out. Further, the observer is placed at ground level. 5.5 - Recommendation In its efforts to further reduce sound levels sourced from the onsite activities shown in Table 11, Green Hills could consider implementing the associated acoustical attenuation measure. Firstcarbon Solutions 24 H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 94 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study Offsite Impacts Table 11: Attenuation Measures to be Implemented Activity Description All Activities Burial Services Mowing Excavation/Backfill Attenuation Measure to Be Implemented Limited viable attenuation options available if barrier needs to be temporary (i.e., easily erected and removed); effective temporary noise barriers could be constructed as needed using the aforementioned Echo Barrier, or similar product with equivalent performance ratings (i.e., 10 to 20 dB reduction), that are built to completely block the line -of -sight between noise source (subject activity) and noise receiver. Recommend that Green Hills continues to use only one gas- or electric - powered mower during mowing activities on the Mausoleum rooftop. Recommend Green Hills replace machinery that is defective or malfunctioning in a manner that is causing abnormal noises or noise levels with properly functioning machinery or, when feasible, non -mechanized methods. FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx 25 August 12, 2014 Page 95 Green Hills Memorial Park Noise Study References Lomita, City of. December 1998. City of Lomita General Plan. Website: http://www.lomita.com /cityhall/citygov/pzbs/. Accessed April 24, 2014. Lomita, City of. July 1, 2013. Municipal Code City of Lomita. Website: https:Hlibrary.municode.com /index.aspx?clientld=14960. Accessed April 24, 2014. OSHA. August 2011. OSHA Fact Sheet. Website: https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory /OSHAfactsheet-laboratory-safety-noise.pdf. Accessed April 24, 2014. Rancho Palos Verdes, City of. As amended through August 2001. Rancho Palos Verdes General Plan, and associated Environmental Impact Report. Website: http://www.palosverdes.com /rpv/planning/content/general_description_of_planning_and_building_documents_.cfm. Accessed April 24, 2014. Rancho Palos Verdes, City of. May 7, 2013. Rancho Palos Verdes Municipal Code. Website: http://www.palosverdes.com/rpv/cityclerk/munidatabase/index.cfm. Accessed April 24, 2014. FirstCarbon Solutions 26 H:\Client (PN-JN)\2619\26190029\Noise Study\26190029 Green Hills Noise Study.docx August 12, 2014 Page 96 BURIAL ACTIVITY REPORT FOR ROOFTOP BURIALS AT THE MEMORIAL TERRACE MAUSOLEUM BUILDING August 12, 2014 Page 97 9) FSI August 12, 2014 Page 98 `s o M N C M `s 00 h N N 0\ N a N �' LL '^y 00 ^y r1l N 0\ LL '^i N N LL <1 o0 N S M O n S M N 00 N C O rF 'ti 00 knN N O C O U M C O h �I N ti o0OC �IN 1L eF ti N UL l� N N {L K 3 N o v 3 e 3 d M h N o ti, 00 h O ti N N N M ti N O N �O ti N N N N b N tnI ^ OC 00 In a LL \0 M ti N N LL' M r N M LL t S 3 rr N 3 00 N N 3 M N O N H M O ^� � N O �, F n N N 4) H y C O N C c N ooN Z �■.�� NI ^ e N M O ^ rh N H� tl N N NI Lr LL N �O M O •- IL \O M O N � N 1L C ti oo h N S N b 7 S dN Oc N � N N L c M c 00 11) N N ^N C ~ N '^� CIO `h^. 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