CC RES 1973-038 RESOLUTION NO. 38
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
RANCHO PALOS VERDES GRANTING CONSENT AND
JURISDICTION TO THE COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES IN
THE MATTER OF COUNTY IMPROVEMENT NO. 2534
BARKENTI NE ROAD AND OTHER RIGHTS OF WAY
WHEREAS, the Board of Supervisors of the County of Los Angeles did, on
August 7, 1973, adopt a resolution of intention, pursuant to the provisions of Division 7
of the Streets and Highways Code of the State of California, for the conversion of overhead
electric and communications facilities to underground locations in Barkentine Road and
other rights of way under County Improvement No. 2534; and
WHEREAS, the streets and rights of way wherein the work is proposed to be
done and the lands constituting the district proposed to be assessed are within the boundaries
of the newly incorporated City of Rancho Palos Verdes, said incorporation have been
consummated subsequent to the adoption of the above mentioned resolution of intention and
prior to the hearing thereon; and
WHEREAS, the City Council of the City of Rancho Palos Verdes deems it
to be in the best interests of the City and owners of properties within said County Improvement
District N o. 2534, that the County of Los Angeles, through its Board of Supervisors, continue
with the proposed improvement.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of
Rancho Palos Verdes as follows:
Section 1 . That the public interest and convenience require the conversion
of overhead electric and communication facilities to underground locations in Barkentine
Road and other rights of way, al I to the extent and in the same manner as shown in the plans,
specifications and map of the assessment district approved by said Board of Supervisors and
on file in the office of said Board, and as set forth in the Resolution of Intention of said
Board for this improvement, a copy of which resolution is attached hereto and made a part
hereof.
Section 2. That this City Council hereby consents to the use for said improve-
ment of those portions of Tarragon Road, Barkentine Road, Arrowroot Lane, Palos Verdes Drive
South and certain proposed utility easements as described in said Resolution of Intention,
included within the boundary of said assessment district and lying within the boundary of the
City of Rancho Palos Verdes.
Section 3. That this City Council hereby finds and determines that the land
included within the boundary of the proposed assessment district as referred to in said Resolution
of Intention, and lying within the boundary of the City of Rancho Palos Verdes, will be benefited
by said improvement, and hereby consents to the inclusion of said land within the proposed
assessment district and to the assessment thereof.
Section 4. That said Resolution of Intention is hereby approved and that the
consent of this City Council is hereby given to the continuation of proceedings for said proposed
improvement by the Board of Supervisors of the County of Los Angeles, and to the exercise of
exclusive jurisdiction by said Board of Supervisors over all proceedings necessary thereto for
the purpose of consummating the same, all in accordance with the provisions of Division 7
of the Streets and Highways Code.
Section 5. That the Clerk of the City Council shall certify to the adoption
of this resolution and shall deliver two certified copies thereof to the Los Angeles County
Engineer.
PASSED, APPROVED and ADOPTED this 19th day of September, 1973.
MA OR
ATTEST. ,
Res. No. 38/Page 2.
STATE OF CALIFORNIA
COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES ) ss.
CITY OF RANCHO PALOS VERDES
I, Marilyn R. Cortina, City Clerk of the City of Rancho Palos Verdes, California,
do hereby certify that the whole number of members of the City Council of said City is five;
that the foregoing Resolution, being Resolution No. 38, was duly and regularly adopted by
the City Council of said City at a regular meeting of said Council, duly and regularly held
on the 19th day of September, 1973, and that the same was so passed and adopted by the
following vote:
AYES: COUNCILMEN: Buerk, Dyda, Ruth, Ryan and
Ryan.
NOES: COUNCILMEN: None.
ABSENT: COUNCILMEN: None.
woo
CIN CL RK
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COUNTY NO* 2534
F'U-� THE ACOUISITJJ-0 � OF 1,1ECES►5AT Y RIGHTS OF WAY
AliD THS COICQTYZ1 u 1.0N OM
UT1.LT141Y CONVERSIO�,4 PR-OJECT .
BARKENT IIS , ROAD
AICD F?ICT TTS OF Vv"AY
tLj -L 01 J MI.
C)P W
jr
.e+-.i..eye-,ri.....>........v.....e;r.....�s.c.lr...Y.c.,r s,rv.ar......:-:.r...x ..--..erw.r...s.�.�a.:-«
d -11.}tEAc s is �t�he _�nter�tti,cn of tiie Boar. of
The CoUnty of Los An.ge.-I-es to un c-r-taJ.r,.,. prod: to
Ar-L.J.c1_e XIII, Section 17 of the Constitution of the o L°
California, as implemented by Ordinance No. 7647 of the Coun"":.y of
Los Angeles, to determil-le whiether the public convenience
necessity rc:qui rie the acquisition acid impro-�?-enlents herei riaf ter
described; 2.nd.
WHEREAS, if after proper notice and hearing, this Board
deterrnin.es by not less than a four--fifths vote of all its members
that the public convenien% e and necessity require such. acquisition
and .improvements,im rovemen.ts, may order such acquisition and improvements
Y
without compliance with the provisions of Division 4 of the Streets
and Highways Code of the State of California.
NOW, THEREFORE, THE BOARD RESOLVES:
SECTION 1
That it is the intention of the Board to determine that the
public convenience and necessity require acquisition to be made,
work to be done and improvement made and to order such acquisition
work or improvement made, as follows, to wit;
First: The acquisition of rights- of for underground
utility purposes by g3-ft or purchase or emilnent domain proceedings
consisting in general of the following:
feet �I J.1 9 LI
Parcel A. A strip of land 10 f zle` j-)- wj-dtl-- `he easterly
line of which is the., easterly of Tract Io. 2-,34-
as shoo ,arj on recorded in Boo's. 62z.,-, Pages 57 to 60,
of Maps, and its northe.rly ca.nd
CA _LY
extend i..n(-,, f--,-,om Ii-ne approximate�y 85 'ee` norther-I
of the nor. C.
-' I,,)Ier:[y 1 ' Of
4-, -;.- JI- 32, U-bove D--.-r_tiop-ed t-1-ac-c';
to a line 5 feet southerly of thso-!U-1L-fhe-rI.y line.. of
Lot 21.9, abov.,Z.1P)I�ent-j_oned tij Clkct
Parcel B. 4 p rL .J thc��
A of land va -able in width
ove,
Ii.n.e. of which is Wes L-IrE.Dir. y o f L o t 2 a L-h
mentiorii:-:-d Tract No. 23434
P(a:jXce! C. A strip of lanc.]. 5 fey;-t in IL-.he ear.I.-.-er2_y
line of -vihi cli. is the easte-1-1y line of Lot 3, ab�)N ..
' n
mentioned Tract No. 27 and LI
S -I C-a
extending from the northerly line of sair.-II Lot 3 to a line
approximalUrely 10 feet- sou-thte:;.rly of the souther.-JI-y 1-`Lne o-'.'-
said Lot 30
Parcel D. The westerly 10 feet of Lot 8, above mentioned
bet; -10 said Lot 8
Tract No . 23434, be een the southerly line ol
and a line approximately 255 feet northerly of said southerly
line of said Lot 8.
Parcel E. A strip of land 20 feet in width, being 10 feet
on each side of a centerline, the centerline of. which is
the westerly line of Parcel 3, Book 23, Page 4, of Parcel
Maps, extending from the southerly line of said Parcel 3 to
a line approximately 290 feet northerly of said southerly
line of said Parcel 3
Parcel F. A strip of land approximately 20 feet by 56 feet
at the westerly terminus of Tarragon Road as shown on map
of above mentioned Tract No 234340
Occo.1311d: The excavation of trai-Isf.bi-a-lie'r valtlts and the
exczivation of trenche.-r.:_--., bac kfilliI. L., resurfacin,-r wid the con-
structio-lyl of retEJ.nir,.C,,- walls tor
.,!ether reirdt' a-r-portenant work in
r
betllllieeji-�i. P1.1-kLOS ►c_.�010,T-H •and 1111J,-C I-ior' ly uc-r �,ls
T%7%
.0 Yi oTi % 1' ;. 4
!.I I'! -C.-r C,
1"Al., a s s' o w
rte C.c).-,, dee d iii Dcjol-� G-24, 60 of
f.)r
17
b r
D ax-,d 01 t ka A-A
N
T MR A G r1l",,T
La S
OA th
2344,, and in
T
Apv*,F�G"'I"17T L 0 0
I!C)3.
Y T 71 r'I
T" RC,.!r%,D k.
V tv.,,(7,,,e n P,t
J-1
o.,a e, ab m n r- ♦v,,;ap
F an.-C-i 'U'lick e c av t 0-1) 0
W-It wO
s0 L; aboveouthe:r-xly from t1rte easterly line, of 1,
'J.'--f-lact 1\71o. 2_31,34t to a line a.- 135 fee'
easterly of the east line of PACKET ROA_D vvn3as sh , on iI-iap of
Tract No. 14649, record1,:,,.d in Book 345, Pcazrres 23 to 26, irj.cCli,-A1.,s%ive,
of Map s; and extending southerly from the �-jestrjrly line. of Lot 25,
above mentioned Tract No* 23434y to a line approximately 105 feet
easterly of the centerline of CLIPPER ROAD� as shown on above
mentioned Tract No. 1464.9* and extending southerly and westerly
from the easterly line of Lot 29, above mentioned Tract No. 23434Y
to a line approximately 60 feet westerly of the southerly pro-
longation of said easterly line of said Lot 29; and in
THE ABOVE DESCRIBED EASE14ENTS A throucrh F
C) ,
Third: The relocation or alteration of existing pipeline
C)
utilitiest where required to complete the above-mentioned work
within the above-described limits,
All of said work shall be performed in. the tree;,s and rights
of way and between the limits hereinbefore descr.J.bed except where
. the plans indicate that said work ,shall be. omitted..
GWAO 3
Exception to the resui:--f acing of existing surfaces will be
the work to be done on private property outside of easer.'.).ents
dedicated to the County of Los AnEeles. This worll-k. will r-)ot include
the restoration of any laindscapine, t-vielve inches or- less in height
within a ten foot strip of .and ly-ionLz, five feet on earCh sid%c.--.) of
the trench centerline.
T rj" 1_L I ".-I_S.
EL'%_J "ATEI-) COr T
TIU�T SUCH WOY'a OR .1 S ES rP 1T
TC"D D(DLj_#j-\`S
Sj)"T,y_01\TF,j ]II-TOT
JS.�',J)
T1-j'E TOTAL SUM OF 1A.
t�.��, C(:)f':)TS 0-i
. y )di 1 e j} i '. 1_t.1,• iwr.? J.1%,,j-,UDED A POHTION OF T'
IN
_:� �`.1. 1.�1�_ C 1T-1
AED G Oil'1 N
T T
Tlflr� UIM.!�,,.(_':.-R0TJi1,TD _;Tix,lue
.L L 1-i-E-ITER T 0 AGF)).Eji
ACC,','O THE hEREIN"T; .1
I T-T-41 -FjF01-\)J%,T1A I-,-J_)_LS0_`.\T.1
CAT
THE COUNT.— OF LOQ AhTG E L E i'D Q
C L T F,0 pL�."j 1 A
d i
Co"lr,?AjqY �Jq'j-D THE T'E]*--.-, Col"'Pr1-;,!"�'!' 0"-
f T C1
"T
'PTO'r�_r A1JJT
jj T S
JL 6_0 -i-
S . COQ OF Ar e
JNil'k"�LUDED IS TjT:11 T11
"10 200�00.
THERE"10 IN THE 10"OUTL�.10 0'
JJOT K IVP
T_i� ON Pl� .TE PR PER
THAT THti �..) !.,'r'����
E CO!'.-")T OTJ-i-' D D
0
INC1_310DED 1.1\1 THIS 01P 1V10N1P_1JY. T -IE COr3IT OF THIS VT 01_)k.K
T
P P-,.I V A T,_E PROPEF?-TY MAY DE 1NCLT1JDEjD IN TTI-.T j"4DIVIDUALIS FINAL
ASS ESS MENT4
S_EJ0k_'PT1OIC 2
4
J_ 'L -�nts aforesaid shall be done
That a--'A-J. the work and _Lqp-rovemr�_-.
andperformed as shown on and in accordance with the plans and
in the specifications therefor, filed in the office of the Board
of Supervisorsp Room 383 Hall of Administration, 500 West Temple
Street, Los Angeles, California 900120 Reference is hereby made
to said plans and specifications for a full and detailed descrip-
tion of said proposed work or -improvement, and said plans and
specif ications .shall govern for all details. of the proposed work
or improvement*
SECTION 3
That the Board hereby makes the expense of the acquisition,
work or improvement chargeable upon a district, which district the
Board hereby declares to be the district benefit.�d by the acquisi-
' • w
tion, work or improvement and to be assessed to pay the cost and
expense thereof.
A map of the district, indicating by a boundar-y line the
extent of the territory included. in the proposed district,
7 b the Board a_nd. endorsed with tl-)e certificate of
approved Y the
-i :fi.cer-�Cleyk_AI of th.e Board of Suer rviso)^s, is on f..i�l_e
F.-..e c�.��.�_ve 0�'
�n ���.�, ��b
• - above �.� I-ien-� on d o.�`'j:i_ce of the Board., J_s here u
rade to the I.,....p f o x� a
�, fu-11 and complete descript on of the
assessment d
ditrict and the ix.raj. :
s7.all govern fo_r all detadls as
to the extenL, of the as s e s sment d z.sti:'i.ct.
SECTIO l�
l be issued in accord� 1e w_ h Division
That Sericam bonds a
� • -�h-Rq;.tys Gude to repr. e en.t each assessment of
l, Streets a,.�.a �-�.�� .� y
. _ - �-. � ($50.00) � re�a�_nir�.� u:r+ aie?. for thi_r�.y (30)
fift T doh.lars o more � p
�, :� --�- the record i.n ; of the r��.rrFnt. The serial
after ex tho d��.,e c►.�
r over a period end in., x�.1_�1�.: (Q) year; froln the
bond. .�h.a11. extend p
January-
next succeeding the next Septer�ib:r 1st
second day o:�
• and shall. bear interest at the rate of
following their date-, .
seven. (7) percent peg.
annum on all suns unpaid, until the whole
• interest is aid. The redemption provisions
of the principal ax�c�. .� p
of said bonds shall provide a premium of 5 percent of unmatured
principals
The principal
sum.. shall become due and payable to the
• each October 15th succeed--
Treasurer In equal ai-mual payments on each
I•ng the September 1st �t followin their date until fully paid.
The first interest payment aT ent shall be payable to the Treasurer
• succeeding the March 1st or the October
on the April 15th next g
15th next succeeding the September 1st, as the case may be, next
following the date of the bonds. The following interest payments
shall each be for six months interest and shall be payable to the
• �teen th day p of April and October, the last
Treasurer on each f�.�
• - 1 th immediately preceding
• payment com.-.ng due on the October 5
interest p ym
the last annual payz�cnt
of the principal of the bonds issued to
nt the un aid. assessment
rep re s e p
SECTZON..,5
teras
That if the actual cost of the a.cg1_1,i.sition as finally
determined is less than the amount included in the assessment- as
the cost of such acquisition, such excess ,sha.11 be refurided or
credited in proportion to the amount of the as ,es,: n--ients that were
levied for such acquisition. cast as follows:
Where the assessment and all thereof and all
interest and penalties due. -thereon have been paid., su,.11 re f and
shall be returned in. Casa to the person -vYrho the cor-resp}once i_ng
assessment or installment, upo-ni his fu��n �.',���.:�.ng sa��.-isJ'ac��€�c�ry
evidence of such payments
1�, ere the asse;��:� f. n t o any d,
_.?ssta�.l en-t ti��cz���of :�.s ur�ra�
the credit shell be applied upon such or upon hc.3!
earliest unpai:d insta _�.r�e:r�-�, of }rinL,.i,p� l and in :ere",t.
S EC T I OI\T 6
That the proceedings for the afa-2_,esai_d work or inpro,ve�izent
shall be under and in accordance with Division 7, Streets a-nd
i a s Code and County Ordinance No. 4348, as amended by
���.gl w y , S
Ordinance
To. 8471 , providing that all payments upon the assess-
ment within 30 days from the recordation thereof shall be made to
the County Engineers
SECTION 7
The streets hereinbefore referred to are public streets in
the County of Los Angeles,An Teles and are located in unincorporated
territory in the vicinity of Palos Verdes Peninsula.
SECTION 8
That it is the opinion of the Board that the public interest
will not be served by allowing the property owners to take the
contract for the work to be done under these proceedings*
SECTION 9
That it is hereby determined that because damages would be
very r difficult to ascertain, in the event the contractor does not
complete the work with.i+L the time limit specified in the contract
or within such further time as this Board shal:A. have authorized,
the contractor shall pay Y to the Count of Taos. Angeles liquidated
• this
�� improvement are f i..xed
r 11 u�_da ted admage s for t p
ddn�age s. The q
. _ per day* Money received
t dollars ($50.00) p 3 ,
1n the amount�n.t o f fifty�.f
�- count c,f such liquidated damages
K
bY
the County of I�os �Ange1_e�-� an a.c
, Section 5254. 5 of the St-re e -S .
be disbursed as pro
and
in ;
shall -
and. High:,%rays Code.
SECTION 10
• �•� `t a enter �..nt c �.���r e e s,a
T, unto of Los Angeles in.ten-Cl s
That the County .
T, m r e .er-,-r-'l�c C? ��OInnun c2.��,i0r,-
men.�t s for the
canve�:•a�.en of c�� c.a.��e�z�.
�
A.
facil
�j c..C;S• �. t� ' ,f:�n Palos r
4'
Gene,ral.._ Te�l.ephorie ColYl.pany of
Y' • -t o �.
r:u an i -U0 -
Coin anyq 1u
Peninsula Ca��_.e Carn�n
• the Ste_te o:' C;a�.�.�,c�rn.i�..
<<- -� and H�.g�����ay s Code o f
a_ Che Stree�,s _
• r ' e��.-t�7 sI�all prov.;c)e th4 t, u --1
Among
other -tl�ing s, s a.ic3. agree,e
u�,�l�_��� uti��►_tzCs sl �.�.1
. �`":_`�C�1� c�f the a s�c s k��r�e li�t s said p
c px t:�'1.:�`i�l��
,' ,' cC'i :,, ��xi_�uG.-ta.on
_, �a�. title to �.}z�: e�.cc Lr�.c or
have l e�
. f . ' �_ t,ut e p c,.r-tL o f a s�s t e
-nrl. of the
wh�.cls. s��-t�.�_l fih e z e a��:e:�� cons ,
. ' �_i�t.,� oo�npc�x��..e s �•�i1_:l fu.rn.i s�'.
• further , x,ev:Ld.es the uti .7
utilities anal. �l p ,
yct
in
and • ground facil..atieS within the czsir
ta� l -tndr
accordance with said agreernenr g
and, f a r the z�xino r: shall pay a
p facilities in accordance:;
portion of the costs o f said underground
-�-- to be assessed for the
is that the district
with said a.gree�nen ,
• 5�. d public u tilitie s.
conversion is within
the service area of p
SECTION 11 1
Se t.ember 973,
That Thur sda ..W�
the 6 t-h d aY of �' --
• d a and the hour and
at the hour of 9:30 a.m.
of said day, is the y
• s Room 381 Hall of
the Hearing Room Of the hoard of Supervisors,
- Street, (corner of Temple street
• (ration, 500 west Temple
Administration,
and Grand Avenue) ,
Los Angeles, California 90012, is the place
�7-
fixed by the Board when and. where Cary and all persons having any
objection,s to the proposed acciu_-Lssitions. work or improveme-n'Ll or to
the extent of the dist-r-J.-ct to be assesc,eco, or to any or all of the
11
foregoing, may appear before the Boa._r"La and show cause it,,rhy the
_L_ rriedition, N,,Yc).rIr, or irtiproveiijenU should not be ca-
proposed -cqu.it..c-I
out in act-ordan(e with this Resolut' oni..
S EC T 1( 71 12
in 3--n e
or,"D&S,e to f in.1-11 and. de-I.-
The Boa-.0d o-- Silp--a-ry sor..7) PI
that the p1,.)bI_-'Lc conven4L-once anJa neces,,,ity requ_JLre s-U�ch acquisi-
tion and JJ_mprover,�.ent. At thr..,_1 time e'.,nd p--I-ace herei-T-i -N fled f0-t-*6
�_' -.1
hearing protests, to tit- propo i__)sr--3,d ac-Tiisitiori, -vrork or improve---
;J. ToS
* _11 a].-.so be held, pursuant. -to ,
1-..n 17 e I
ment a public heari_ng
Co-,U.nty 0rdj.nC--DnrCc No. 761*11.7, to hear pro testl to the of :such-'
e IC-Irfi 3L.
ard* A'ter such pu�)_
fi_ndI.r_.g_ ar--d de nat.A.on by the Bro
-i four---_�'ift'hs v-C_)`Ge of'
hear-J-ng, if the Board by not _-Less thari.
all member S) thereof, f i nd s and d e--'I/-e:r-iriJJ_n e s that the pub 1 JL c
convenience and necessity requ_J_re. such C- Taisition at-)d irriprove-
.A. r- A
meet, it may order such acZ.--quisition. �and improvementw-ithout
furtherproceedings with i:-%espect to the debt limitation or
majority protest provisions of Division. 4 of the Streets and
Highways Code of the State of California.
SECTION 1
That the County Engineer shall cause to bi._a conspicuously
Pg along the line of the contemplated work or improvement
and along all open streets within the district liable to be
assessed, notices of the adoption of this Resolution in the
manner and in the form required by law.
SECTION 114
The Executive Officer-Clerk of the Board of Supervisors
shall certify to the adoption of this Resolution and shall cause
-8-
•
r
s
the sariie to be published for two days in tie Palos Verdes .�.
Peninsula Nel.�7sh r
a newspaper
published and. circulated. in the Coi-m-ty of 1,os Angeles, which is
hereby designated for that purpose by the Board.
The Boand does hereby direc:t tl-ie. E�zcutive O � cer-I leek of
the Board of Supeir-r-tsors to notirCes o.r t.11;-� �d op L.�.orz 0f th5.S
Resolution of Intersti.on -to all per. Eons o Yw�.►.i ri�; r�:a.l pre; .-er t;y
pro-posed to be asSeSS4E:d for thsE: wor'l:i here-in desC%ribe1.L
and addresses appear on the lest equal .zed assesSzrent; of
the C oun-t: r of Los A ner e l e S or a s 1�i-j.c vrn to the Exec- t�.<<e O f i c e r=-
Clerk of tie Board of S't.�perv�_Soz�s, the cor^�t;<�:sz��s f Said nr3 rices
to be as required by law.
The foregoing resolution w aS ori. tT 7t1_1 day o:-f'
Auqus 1y 1973 adopted by the-) j30-rd of S;k erorS
of the Cou i-t,v- of Los cZES, and ex offi-cj_0 the govern-f.zsg body .
of all otfier special assess-ment and taxing districts for which
said Boa`'ad so 'act4 , ,T�
r
JAMES S.* MI ZE, Exe cut"ve Officer
Clerk of the Board of Supervisor-
of
upervisorof the County of Los Angeles
f.
K1-rcaM f
F —�,....,....
Deputy
• ... .. '- "i+ h t►". ♦'•.. !r^...r.. ;�{.• ..."'-{A11>''E•=.9k?�:� !,•li,.`.7111!S _. '+.. • ...• Ic.' ..=Y•!:,.... Wrr..... _.._.
vl
F
PROJECT DESCRIPTION .
•
COUNTY IMPROVEMENT NOo 2534.
This .improvement in the vicinity -of Abalone Cove on the Palos
Verdes Peninsula provides for the conversion of overhead electric
and communication facilities to underground locations in
Barkentine Road bounded southerly by Palos Verdes Drive South,
in Tarragon Road and Arrowroot Lane all within Tract No. 23434
and in proposed county easements. This is the second of several
pro 'ects for utility conversion under 1911 Act proceedings being •
� Y
processed by Los Angeles County.- There will be approximately
5,000 feet of excavation for trenches and transformer vaults
within the streets andp ublic rights of way, installation of
aproximately 4,000 feet of electric and communication conduit,
4pull boxes and 1 manhole, The estimated cost of construction
is $51 ,600. In additional there is an estimated 2,230 feet of
excavation for trenches and 38 electrical house service conver--
sions on private property. The improvement 'act allows the
county' s contractor, upon a filed written request of the property
owner, to convert residences and. property to receive underground
electric and communication facilities and the cost thereof to
be included in assessments. If all property owners so requested,
the total estimatipd cost would be $79,600:- This amount,
together with incidental expense;,, .'•lroul.d result in a total
assessment of approximately $89,8000 The conversion will serve.
43 properties.